Recent progress in the study of ionospheric anomalies before strong earthquakes using ionosonde data of National Radio Observation Network in China
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摘要: 地震电离层异常现象已被大量观测所证实,地震电离层异常的特征分析及其物理机理研究对开展地震监测意义重大.近年来,中国电波传播研究所利用国家电波观测站网长期积累的电离层垂测数据,开展了震例分析及其机理研究,初步获得了震前电离层的异常特征,并建立了岩石圈-大气层-电离层电场耦合物理模型.本文简要介绍了近年来我们在该领域的研究进展,并对该领域的发展方向提出建议.Abstract: Ionospheric anomalies before strong earthquakes have been evidenced by many kinds of observations. Analyses of ionospheric anomalies characteristics and investigation of the corresponding physical mechanism are of great significance to monitoring seismic precursors. China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation (CRIRP) has conducted a series of studies on the ionospheric anomalies before earthquakes and investigation of the corresponding physical mechanisms based on several decades of ionosonde data recorded by the National Radio Observation Network in China, and preliminarily obtained characteristics of ionospheric anomalies before earthquakes and established a comprehensive model of lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere electric coupling. This paper reviews the recent progress of the relevant studies, and gives tendentious emphasis for further study.
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Keywords:
- ionospheric anomaly /
- critical frequency /
- anomalous electric field /
- gravity wave
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图 1 汶川地震前(5月9日16时)重庆站观测到的电离层电子密度Ne扰动分布(引自Xu et al,2011b).(a)一维; (b)三维
Figure 1. Disturbances in the electron density Ne observed at the station Chongqing at 16:00 on May 9 before Wenchuan earthquake(after Xu et al, 2011b) (a)One dimension; (b)Three dimension
图 2 汶川地震前(2008年5月9日17时)电离层临界频率foF2扰动的二维分布(引自Xu et al,2010a)
Figure 2. Two-dimensional distribution of disturbances in the ionospheric critical frequency foF2 at 17:00 on May 9, 2008 before the Wenchuan earthquake(after Xu et al, 2010a)
图 3 震前半个月地震电离层扰动发生次数的变化(徐彤等,2012)
Figure 3. Days of ionospheric disturbances before the selected earthquakes(after Xu et al, 2012)
图 4 地震电离层扰动次数随当地时间的分布(徐彤等,2012)
Figure 4. Occurrence of abnormal disturbances in foF2 versus local time(after Xu et al, 2012)
图 5 电离层foF2扰动量与地震震级之间的关系(徐彤等,2012)(a)绝对扰动量; (b)相对扰动量
Figure 5. Disturbances in foF2 versus the magnitude of earthquakes(after Xu et al, 2012) (a)Absolute disturbances; (b)Relative disturbances
图 7 重庆站磁静日电离层foF2正负扰动随地方时间的分布(引自Xu et al,2015b)
Figure 7. Occurrence of positive and negative geomagnetic quiet time disturbances in foF2 versus local time at the station Chongqing (after Xu et al, 2015b)
图 8 电子密度分布(徐彤等,2013)(a)物理模型模拟的电子密度背景分布; (b)声重波作用后的电子密度分布
Figure 8. Distribution of the electric density obtained by physical model(a)and produced by gravity waves triggered by the anomalous electric field(b)(after Xu et al, 2013)
图 9 电离层高度的电场分布(a)及其对电子密度的响应(b)(引自Xu et al,2011b)
Figure 9. The features of anomalous electric field(a)and its effects on the electron density(b) at the height of ionosphere(after Xu et al, 2011b)
图 10 不同源导致的电离层高度电场幅度变化(引自Xu et al,2015a) (a)氡气产生的地面异常电场; (b)岩石压力形成的地表电流
Figure 10. Distribution of electric fields in the ionosphere resulted from different sources on the ground(after Xu et al, 2015a) (a)Anomalous electric fields due to radon emanation; (b)Electric currents due to the stressed rock
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Chen Y I, Chuo Y J, Liu J Y. 1999. Statistical study of ionospheric precursors of strong earthquakes at Taiwan area[C]//XXVI URSI General Assembly. Toronto, 13-21 August 1999. Abstract 745.
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