A discussion about the adjustment and optimization of subsurface fluid monitoring network in China
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摘要: 本文首先简要介绍了我国地震地下流体观测台网的现状，然后针对其存在的主要问题提出了调整与优化的建议： ① 调整布局，重点加强我国中西部地区(105°E以西)的监测； ② 扩大规模，观测井(泉)数要达到1000个左右； ③ 全面提高观测井质量，淘汰不符合规范要求的观测井(泉)，改造不完全符合规范要求的观测井，新建一批完全符合规范的观测井； ④ 优化观测项目的组合，大力发展观测井(泉)水流量观测，强化以H2、 He、 CO2等为主测项的断层带土壤气观测，建立断层带土壤气观测网； ⑤ 优化现有的观测模式，开展平面上的台阵式观测与垂向的多层次立体化观测； ⑥ 完善与提升现有数字化观测技术水平.Abstract: The current situation of the earthquake subsurface fluid monitoring network in China is briefly introduced. And then, some suggestion on adjustment and optimization of the network are proposed. ① Change the layout of the existing monitoring network so as to focus on the middle-western China, particularly to the west of 105°E. ② Increase the number of monitoring wells or springs up to approximately 1000. ③ Improve the quality of monitoring network, eliminate and transform those wells or springs that do not meet for the standards and requirements at all. ④ Optimize the monitoring items, focus on the monitoring of the wells or springs flows, the soil vapor in the vicinity of faults (main parameters are H2, He, CO2), and construct a soil vapor network. ⑤ Optimize the existing monitoring modes, establish the plane array observation and vertical multi-level three-dimensional observation. ⑥ Improve the existing digital monitoring technology.
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表 1 我国地下流体观测井(泉)数统计表(引自冯恩国等，2012)
Table 1 Number of observation wells and springs of China (after Feng et al，2012)
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表 2 不同震级地震与前兆场显现区和井间距的关系(引自车用太等，2006)
Table 2 Relationship between different magnitude earthquakes and dimensions of its precursor field region，interval distance of wells (after Che et al，2006)
MS 孕震断裂理论长度/km 前兆场尺度/km 理论井间距/km 平均井间距/km 5.0 6.45 12.9—19.3 10—20 15 6.0 19.31 38.6—57.9 40—60 50 7.0 57.80 115.6—173.4 110—170 140 8.0 173.02 346.0—519.0 340—520 430
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表 3 一井(泉)地下流体多测项优化组合观测方案
Table 3 Optimized combination scheme for multiple observation items of underground fluid in one well or spring
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