Determination of the NW-trending faults in Xinfengjiang Reservoir dam by using high-precision small earthquake data
-
摘要: 基于2009—2015年广东省河源市新丰江水库库区高精度定位的地震目录(ML≥1.0)，划分出大坝—峡谷区的3个北西向小震密集分布带，并依据成丛小震发生在活动断裂面及其附近的原则，采用模拟退火算法和高斯-牛顿算法相结合的方法，反演了这3个小震密集带相应的断层及断层面参数，包括断层面的走向、 倾向、 倾角、 长度、 深度和地理位置，获得了大坝区北西向断裂带相关断层的成分及几何形态． 结果显示： 3条断层走向为北西—北北西，与大坝—峡谷区走向基本一致，深度为3—12 km，均为陡峭的活动断层，其长度不超过10 km， 在库区应力场作用下均以走滑为主兼少许垂直错动； 大坝附近为几条断层端点与断层相切点的汇集区，区域应力易集中于此而成为库区地震最活跃的部位． 此外，根据断层反演结果及前人资料，论证了白田—双塘断层为新丰江1962年MS6.1地震的发震构造，并首次发现河源断裂在白田至双塘之间中断了约5 km，中断的断裂构造为白田—双塘断层的一部分．Abstract: Based on the ML≥1.0 earthquake catalogue of Xinfengjiang Reservoir area in Heyuan of Guangdong Province during the period from 2009 to 2015，this paper delineates three NW-trending small earthquake dense zones in dam-gorge region. According to the principle that the small earthquake clustering occurs in and around active fault plane，this paper calculated the fault plane parameters of the three dense zones including the strike，dip，dip angle，length，depth and geographic position by using both simulated annealing algorithm and Gauss-Newtonian nonlinear inversion algorithm，and finally got the geometric shape of the NW-trending faults. The results show that the three faults are NW--NNW trending in the depth range of 3--12 km，and are of left-lateral strike-slip with a little vertical slip component. Furthermore，the analyses of inversion results combined with previous data indicate that，the Baitian-Shuangtang fault，one of the three NW-trending faults，was proved to be the seismogenic fault of MS6.1 Xinfengjiang earthquake in 1962，and from Baitian to Shuangtang，the Heyuan fault is interrupted with gap of 5 km，and the gap is filled with part of the Baitian-Shuantang fault. The junction area of endpoints and tangent points of the three faults intersected near the reservoir dam，which leads to stress concentration more easily there，and becomes the most active seismic region in the reservoir.
-
-
![]()
图 1 1970—1999年新丰江水库库区非高精度定位地震(ML≥1.0)和主要构造分布图
F1： 河源断裂； F2： 人字石断层； F3： 南山—坳头断层； 下同
Figure 1. Spatial distribution of small earthquakes with ML≥1.0 by non-high precision location in 1 970—1999 and the tectonic settings in Xinfengjiang Reservoir area
F1： Heyuan fault; F2: Renzishi fault; F3: Nanshan-Aotou fault； the same below
![]()
图 2 2009—2015年新丰江大坝附近精定位小震分布及反演区域(A，B和C)选取
Figure 2. Spatial distribution of small earthquakes by high precision earthquake location in dam-gorge region of Xinfengjiang Reservoir during 2009—2015 and the data selection areas(rectangles A，B，C)for inversion
Triangles represent stations，and two thick bars represent the dam
![]()
图 3 小震密集区A，B和C内震源深度分布直方图
Figure 3. Histogram of depth distribution in the small earthquakes dense areas A，B and C
![]()
图 4 白田—双塘断层附近的小震分布
(a)沿水平面;(b)沿断层面，图中AA′为断层上边界;(c)沿垂直断层面；(d)小震到断层面距离分布. 下同
Figure 4. Distribution of the high precision small earthquakes near Baitian-Shuangtang fault
(a)Map view;(b)Vertical cross-section along the fault plane where AA′ is the upper boundary of the fault;(c)Vertical cross-section perpendicular to the fault plane;(d)Histogram of small earthquakes sorted by their distances to the fault plane. The same below
![]()
图 5 汤粑寨断层附近小震分布
Figure 5. Distribution of the high precision small earthquakes near Tangbazhai fault
![]()
图 6 嵋峰—公白地断层附近小震分布
Figure 6. Distribution of the high precision small earthquakes near Meifeng-Gongbaidi fault
![]()
图 7 新丰江大坝附近断层(a)及野外考察点分布(b).红线为反演所确定的断层
Figure 7. Distribution of the faults(a)and the survey sites(b)near the Xinfengjiang dam
Red lines represent the faults determined by inversion
![]()
图 8 修正后的河源断裂F1以及MS≥4.5地震震中分布图
Figure 8. Distribution of the corrected Heyuan fault(F1)and the epicenters of the MS≥4.5 earthquakes
表 1 基于高精度小震资料反演得到的新丰江大坝区3个北西向断层的断层面参数
Table 1 Fault plane parameters of three NW-trending faults in Xinfengjiang dam-gorge region determined by the inversion based on high-precision small earthquakes
断层 地震
次数走向
/°走向
标准差/°倾角
/°倾角
标准差/°长度
/km断层4个顶点位置
(经度，纬度，深度)白田—双塘断层
(A区)286 169.8 0.60 88.5 0.6 9.5 (23.74°N，114.66°E，3.7 km)
(23.74°N，114.65°E，11.5 km)
(23.67°N，114.67°E，11.5 km)
(23.67°N，114.67°E，3.7 km)汤耙寨断层
(B区)273 120.2 2.45 86.3 1.1 3.8 (23.76°N，114.63°E，6.2 km)
(23.75°N，114.62°E，12.1 km)
(23.74°N，114.64°E，12.1 km)
(23.74°N，114.64°E，4.8 km)嵋峰—公白地
断层(C区)691 339.1 0.42 88.2 0.51 8.6 (23.71°N，114.63°E，4.2 km)
(23.71°N，114.63°E，11.2 km)
(23.78°N，114.61°E，11.2 km)
(23.77°N，114.61°E，4.2 km)
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 白田—双塘断层和河源断裂野外考察结果
Table 2 The field survey results of Baitian-Shuangtang fault and Heyuan fault
考察点
编号考察点岩石成分及走向分布描述 1 火山岩成分组成的糜棱岩，属于河源断裂的一部分，构造走向为N50°E 2 火山岩成分组成的糜棱岩，属于河源断裂的一部分，构造走向为N50°E 3 灰色火山岩组成的糜棱岩，与红层的断层接触点 4 红层组成的角砾岩 5 糜棱岩与断层角砾岩混杂，棱型角砾延长方向为N28°E 6 红层 7 红层，接近北西向断层 8 红层 9 红层，含多条近直立倾滑小拉张断层，走向为N50°E，倾向为北西，北盘下降，
错动15 cm，接近北西向断层10 大量红层为主组成的角砾岩，接近北西向断层 11 红层，接近北西向断层 12 红层，含有大量直立小破裂，走向为340° 13 断层破碎带 14 断层破碎带，角砾岩成分包含红层和黑灰色泥岩 15 糜棱岩，位于河源断裂附近，构造走向为N5°E，倾向为SE，倾角为50°
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 基于不同方法获取的河源MS6.1主震震源参数的对比
Table 3 Comparison of source parameters of Heyuan MS6.1 earthquake obtained by different methods
文献来源 方法 走向 倾向 倾角/° 滑动角/° 长度/km 沈崇刚等(1974) 震源机制解 N62°W SW 88 2 14 王妙月等(1976) 地面垂直形变 N40°W SW 800 12 王妙月等(1976) 瑞雷波振幅谱 N28°W SW 88 10 19 本文 模拟退火算法和
高斯-牛顿算法反演N11°W SW 88 25.2 9.5
下载: 导出CSV
-
丁原章,常宝琦,肖安予. 1989. 水库诱发地震[M]. 北京: 地震出版社: 1-187. Ding Y Z,Chang B Q,Xiao A Y. 1989. The Reservoir Induced Earthquake[M]. Beijing: Seismological Press: 1-187 (in Chinese).
丁原章. 2004. 广东和香港地震风险概论[M]. 香港: 商务印书馆: 1-222. Ding Y Z. 2004. The Summary of the Earthquake Risk in Guangdong and Hong Kong[M]. Hong Kong: Commercial Press: 1-222 (in Chinese).
郭贵安,刘特培,秦乃刚,陈丽芬. 2004. 新丰江水库1961—1999年小震综合机制解结果分析[J]. 地震学报,26(3): 261-268. http://www.dzxb.org/Magazine/Show?id=26635 Guo G A,Liu T P,Qin N G,Chen L F. 2004. Analysis on small-earthquake composite fault plane solutions from 1961 to 1999 in Xinfengjiang reservoir area[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica,26(3): 261-268 (in Chinese). http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=612689bf42ea7b849f2da8eb36f71b17&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn
康英,杨选,吕金水,陈杏,陈贵美. 2005. 广东及邻区地震的震源机制特征[J]. 中国地震,21(3): 320-331. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGZD200503002.htm Kang Y,Yang X,Lü J S,Chen X,Chen G M. 2005. Characteristics of focal mechanism in the Guangdong and its adjacent areas[J]. Earthquake Research in China,21(3): 320-331 (in Chinese). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZGZD200503002.htm
刘特培,刘吉平,李键梅,杨选,黎珠博. 2012. 2012年河源M4.8级地震活动特征及预测研究[J]. 华南地震,32(2): 20-36. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HNDI201202004.htm Liu T P,Liu J P,Li J M,Yang X,Li Z B. 2012. Research on seismicity features and prediction of 2012 Heyuan M4.8 earthquake[J]. South China Journal of Seismology,32(2): 20-36 (in Chinese). http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=a0e5f7486e6e01f6344270fbd12ed5a2&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn
刘一鸣,曹学锋,和景昊,田抗援,李自强. 1981. 新丰江水库库区形变测量与地震活动关系探讨[J]. 地震学报,5(1): 79-86. http://www.dzxb.org/Magazine/Show?id=28002 Liu Y M,Cao X F,He J H,Tian K Y,Li Z Q. 1981. A study of the relation between crustal deformation and seismic activity in the Xinfengjiang reservoir area[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica,5(1): 79-86 (in Chinese). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DZXB198301008.htm
彭少梅. 1999. 广东伸展拆离构造研究进展、 基本特征及问题讨论[J]. 广东地质,14(3): 33-40. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical_gddz199903006.aspx Peng S M. 1999. Progress in research,basic characteristics and problems of the extensional detachment structure of Guangdong[J]. Guangdong Geology,14(3): 36-40 (in Chinese). http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical_gddz199903006.aspx
邱毅,李军,袁丽文,肖丽明. 2014. 2012年4月15日福建仙游ML4.1地震震源机制解及震源深度[J]. 华南地震,34(1): 26-32. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HNDI201401004.htm Qiu Y,Li J,Yuan L W,Xiao L M. 2014. Focal mechanism solutions and focal depth of the ML4.1 Xianyou earthquake in Fujian Province on April 15,2012[J]. South China Journal of Seismology,34(1): 26-32 (in Chinese).
沈崇刚,陈厚群,张楚汉,黄力生,李自强,杨真荣,王大钧,罗学海. 1974. 新丰江水库地震及其对大坝的影响[J]. 中国科学,(2): 184-205. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JAXK197402009.htm Shen C G,Chen H Q,Zhang C H,Huang L S,Li Z Q,Yang Z R,Wang D J,Luo X H. 1974. The reservoir earthquakes at Xinfengjiang and effects to dam[J]. Science in China,(2): 184-205 (in Chinese). http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=4e38c894f22d5e25c421ed87aa0734dc&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn
万永革,沈正康,刁桂苓,王福昌,胡新亮,盛书中. 2008. 利用小震分布和区域应力场确定大震断层面参数方法及其在唐山地震序列中的应用[J]. 地球物理学报,51(3): 793-804. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWX200803021.htm Wan Y G,Shen Z K,Diao G L,Wang F C,Hu X L,Sheng S Z. 2008. An algorithm of fault parameter determination using distribution of small earthquakes and parameters of regional stress field and its application to Tangshan earthquake sequence[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,51(3): 793-804 (in Chinese). http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=1a52714bf004a1bbe4482b4f80a565a8&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn
王福昌,万永革,胡顺田. 2008. 粒子群算法在主震断层面参数估计中的应用[J]. 地震研究,31(2): 149-154. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZYJ200802009.htm Wang F C,Wan Y G,Hu S T. 2008. Application of Particle Swarm Optimization to the estimation of mainshock fault plane parameters[J]. Journal of Seismological Research,31(2): 149-154 (in Chinese). http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=fb5944e306aba464937e3e47c7dd2e6c&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn
王鸣,王培德. 1992. 1989年10月18日大同—阳高地震的震源机制和发震构造[J]. 地震学报,14(4): 407-415. http://www.dzxb.org/Magazine/Show?id=28487 Wang M,Wang P D. 1992. The focal mechanism and seismogenic tectonic of the October 18,1989 Datong-Yanggao earthquake[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica,14(4): 407-415 (in Chinese). doi: 10.1007%2Fs11589-003-0069-7
王妙月,杨懋源,胡毓良,李自强,陈运泰,金严,冯锐. 1976. 新丰江水库区地震的震源机制及其成因初步探讨[J]. 地球物理学报,19(1): 1-17. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWX197601000.htm Wang M Y,Yang M Y,Hu Y L,Li Z Q,Chen Y T,Jin Y,Feng R. 1976. Mechanism of the reservoir impounding earthquakes at Xinfengjiang and a preliminary endeavour to discuss their cause[J]. Acta Geophysica Sinica,19(1): 1-17 (in Chinese). http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=c854e15a55e90d684123d8f48b5be6c2&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn
魏柏林. 2000. 广东省地震构造概论[M]. 北京: 地震出版社: 1-226. Wei B L. 2000. Summary of Seismotectonics in Guangdong Province[M]. Beijing: Seismological Press: 1-226 (in Chinese).
吴甲添,刘建雄,廖示庭. 2001. 河源断裂带南西段拆离断层的基本特征[J]. 广东地质,16(4): 40-47. Wu J T,Liu J X,Liao S T. 2001. Basic features of detachment fault in southwest section of the Heyuan fault zone[J]. Guangdong Geology,16(4): 40-47 (in Chinese).
谢明富,林纪曾,赵毅. 1986. 新丰江6.1级主震前测震学指标的前兆特征[J]. 华南地震,6(4): 33-41. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HNDI198604004.htm Xie M F,Ling J Z,Zhao Y. 1986. The precursory characteristics of seismometry index before M6.1 occurred at Xinfengjiang[J]. South China Journal of Seismology,6(4): 33-41 (in Chinese). http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=cba21b33047749d1a87c33e1a337e975&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn
杨卓欣,刘宝峰,王勤彩,赵翠萍,陈章立,张先康. 2013. 新丰江库区上地壳三维细结构层析成像[J]. 地球物理学报,56(4): 1177-1189. doi: 10.6038/cjg20130413. Yang Z X,Liu B F,Wang Q C,Zhao C P,Chen Z L,Zhang X K. 2013. Tomographic imaging of the upper crustal structure beneath the Xinfengjiang reservoir area[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,56(4): 1177-1189. doi:10.6038/cjg20130413 (in Chinese).
曾宪伟,冯建刚,王晓山. 2013. 利用小震分布和区域应力场确定临潭—宕昌断裂断层面参数[J]. 地震工程学报,35(4): 743-750. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZBDZ201304005.htm Zeng X W,Feng J G,Wang X S. 2013. Determination of fault plane parameter of Lintan-Tanchang fault using distribution of small earthquakes and regional stress field[J]. China Earthquake Engineering Journal,35(4): 743-750 (in Chinese). http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=e47a0f2a4ebaade572a89b097865aadd&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn
张新东,王晓山,沈繁銮,张小涛,孙晴,刁桂苓. 2013. 由现今小震资料研究琼北地区区域应力场和发震构造[J]. 地震学报,35(4): 451-460. http://www.dzxb.org/Magazine/Show?id=28855 Zhang X D,Wang X S,Shen F L,Zhang X T,Sun Q,Diao G L. 2013. The stress field and seismogenic structure in northern Hainan island based on current small earthquakes[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica,35(4): 451-460 (in Chinese). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DZXB201304001.htm
邹和平,彭樊源,苏章歆,陈诗艾,王越,梁致荣. 2010. 河源伸展剥离断层(博罗—龙川段)及其第四纪活动特征[J]. 华南地震,30(S): 1-9. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HNDI2010S1004.htm Zou H P,Peng F Y,Su Z X,Chen S A,Wang Y,Liang Z R. 2010. Discussions on the Heyuan extensional detachment fault from Boluo to Longchuan and its Quaternary activities[J]. South China Journal of Seismology,30(S): 1-9 (in Chinese). http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=f1feb077f79a07cba27777e046289c46&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn
Lister G S,Davis G A. 1989. The origin of metamorphic core complexes and detachment faults formed during Tertiary continental extension in the northern Colorado River region,U.S.A.[J]. J Struct Geol,11(1/2): 65-94. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222438080_The_origin_of_metamorphic_core_complexes_and_detachment_faults_formed_during_Tertiary_continental_extension_in_the_northern_Colorado_River_Region_USA?_sg=6oSz36ai2HLiTe-sc6ElQwLJ36C0_JCvtuNVbmN8y7MjuMw7I5J3dgMxZ4G9byR4u72_CFfXdyji3F-LCajpQ4yEu7whoWDkL7k4xfnDpQw
Wan Y G,Sheng S Z,Huang J C,Li X, Chen X. 2015. The grid search algorithm of tectonic stress tensor based on focal mechanism data and its application in the boundary zone of China,Vietnam and Laos[J]. J Earth Sci,27(5): 777-785. doi: 10.1007/s12583-015-0649-1.
计量
- 文章访问数: 716
- HTML全文浏览量: 574
- PDF下载量: 17
