Relocation of the 2016 MS6.4 Menyuan, Qinghai earthquake
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摘要: 利用中国地震科学台阵探测项目中部分台站和青海、甘肃地震台网的观测资料，选取最佳速度模型，利用逆时成像技术对2016年1月21日青海门源MS6.4地震的起始破裂点和震源中心进行成像分析.结果表明：门源地震的发震时刻为北京时间2016年1月21日1时13分11 s，起始破裂点位于 (37.67°N，101.61°E)，震源深度为9.41 km；震源中心的位置变迁可以分为1—6 s和7—10 s两个阶段，且均基本位于倾角约75°、倾向NE的斜面附近.根据震源中心的迁移特征，推测走向为335°，倾角为56°，滑动角为97°的节面为门源地震的破裂面.结合该地震滑动角较大及高倾角逆冲构造的活动特征，认为门源MS6.4地震应为冷龙岭北侧高倾角次级逆断层活动的结果.Abstract: The rupture initiation point and hypocentoid of Menyuan MS6.4 earthquake, which occurred on January 21, 2016, were imaged out by means of time-reversal imaging technique (TRIT) using velocity models and waveforms from regional seismic network and China Seismic Array. The results show that, origin time of Menyuan MS6.4 earthquake was 01:13:11 on January 21, 2016 and rupture initiation point was at (37.67°N, 101.61°E), and the focal depth was 9.41 km. The migration of hypocentroid can be divided into two stages of 1--6 s and 7--10 s, which basically located at an inclined plane dipping to NE with an inclination about 75°. According to the characteristic of hypocentroid migration, we speculate that the nodal plane with strike of 335°, dip of 56° and rake of 97° is the rupture plane of Menyuan earthquake. Considering large rake angle, Menyuan earthquake shows characteristic of thrust tectonic activities with high dip angle, so we are likely to convince that Menyuan earthquake resulted from new activity of north Lenglongling secondary thrust fault with high dip angle.
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图 1 不同研究机构测定的门源MS6.4地震的震中位置
Figure 1. Epicenters of Menyuan MS6.4 earthquake determined by different institutes
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图 2 门源MS6.4地震震中和震区内的台站分布
Figure 2. Epicenter of Menyuan MS6.4 earthquake and stations distribution in seismic area
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图 3 本文选取的10个台站的垂直向波形记录
Figure 3. Waveforms of vertical components from ten stations selected in this study
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图 5 不同速度模型确定的震中 (a)、震源深度 (b) 和发震时刻 (c) 的不确定性绝对值ξλφc，ξhc和τ0c
Figure 5. Uncertainties in absolute value ξ λφc, ξhc, τ0c of epicenter (a), focal depth (b) and origin time (c) determined using various velocity models
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图 6 基于模型4利用4—10个台站的观测资料确定的震中 (a)、震源深度 (b) 和发震时刻 (c) 的不确定性绝对值ξ λφc，ξ hc和τ0 c
Figure 6. Uncertainties in absolute value ξ λφc, ξ hc, τ 0c of epicenter (a), focal depth (b) and origin time (c) determined by the observation data from 4-10 stations, respectively, basing on the model style="class:table_top_border2"
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图 7 使用不同数量台站组合确定的门源MS6.4地震的震源位置及其模糊度
(a) 4个台站；(b) 6个台站；(c) 8个台站；(d) 10个台站.每个子图中，左上为台站与震中的分布，右上、左下和右下分别为震源及其模糊度在水平面、深度-纬度平面和深度-经度平面的投影
Figure 7. Source locations and ambiguities determined by different number of stations
(a), (b), (c) and (d) are from 4, 6, 8 and 10 stations, respectively. In each subplot, the upper-left one shows stations and epicenter, the upper-right, lower-left and lower-right ones are projection of the focus and its ambiguity on ground surface, depth-latitude cross-section, and depth-longitude cross-section, respectively
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图 8 门源地震震源中心沿水平方向 (a) 和1—6 s破裂深度 (b) 及7—10 s破裂深度 (c) 的分布
色标表示震源中心出现时间距门源地震发生的时间差，剖面AA′为震源中心的优势方向
Figure 8. Distribution of hypocentroid along horizontal (a), rupture depth of 1-6 s (b) and 7-10 s (c)
The color bar represents the elapsed time from Menyuan earthquake to the time of hypocentroid. Profile AA′ indicates the predominant direction of hypocentroid
表 1 不同研究机构测定的震源参数
Table 1 Source parameters determined by different institutes
资料来源 发震时刻 φN/° λE/° h/km 年-月-日 时：分：秒 中国地震台网中心 2016-01-21 01:13:12.00 37.66 101.65 10 青海省地震台网 2016-01-21 01:13:12.65 37.65 101.61 10 甘肃省地震台网 2016-01-21 01:13:13.09 37.69 101.69 12 USGS 2016-01-21 01:13:13.65 37.67 101.64 9 注：φ为震中纬度，λ为震中经度，h为震源深度，下同. 
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表 2 本文所选台站及其相距门源MS6.4地震的震中距和方位角
Table 2 Seismic stations selected and their epicentral distances and azimuths of the Menyuan MS6.4 earthquake
台站 震中距/km 方位角/° 62428 19 30 MEY 30 227 HJT 37 59 63011 37 158 62431 39 348 63013 40 264 62430 56 59 63002 69 298 63010 69 272 63012 70 137
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表 3 根据不同速度模型确定的震源参数及其不确定性
Table 3 Source parameters and their uncertainties determined using different velocity models
发震时刻 Δt/s φN/° Δφ/° λE/° Δλ/° h/km Δh/km 模型 年-月-日 时：分：秒 2016-01-21 01:13:12.1256 ±0.331 37.66996 ±0.00684 101.61693 ±0.00518 9.433 ±4.215 1 2016-01-21 01:13:12.4875 ±0.124 37.67102 ±0.00873 101.61706 ±0.00916 4.739 ±3.434 2 2016-01-21 01:13:12.4226 ±0.101 37.66912 ±0.00397 101.61710 ±0.00394 4.409 ±3.368 3 2016-01-21 01:13:11.8023 ±0.098 37.66836 ±0.00662 101.61743 ±0.00342 10.468 ±1.812 4 2016-01-21 01:13:12.8178 ±0.128 37.67123 ±0.00930 101.61711 ±0.00864 1.581 ±3.265 5 2016-01-21 01:13:12.4550 ±0.096 37.66863 ±0.00568 101.61679 ±0.00561 4.916 ±2.485 6 注：Δt，Δφ，Δλ和Δh分别为发震时刻、纬度方向、经度方向和震源深度的不确定性, 下同.
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表 4 基于模型4利用不同台站组合确定的震源参数及其不确定性
Table 4 Source parameters and their uncertainties based on the model 4 using various station groups
发震时刻 Δt/s φN/° Δφ/° λE/° Δλ/° h/km Δh/km 台站
个数年-月-日 时：分：秒
2016-01-2101:13:11.5763 ±0.104 37.68235 ±0.00386 101.59636 ±0.00971 13.317 ±1.310 4 2016-01-21 01:13:11.7951 ±0.058 37.67199 ±0.00247 101.60572 ±0.00451 10.225 ±1.219 5 2016-01-21 01:13:11.8289 ±0.087 37.67215 ±0.00199 101.61248 ±0.00254 8.822 ±1.613 6 2016-01-21 01:13:11.8099 ±0.073 37.67354 ±0.00292 101.61420 ±0.00315 10.364 ±1.372 7 2016-01-21 01:13:11.7868 ±0.093 37.67203 ±0.00311 101.61428 ±0.00436 9.632 ±1.829 8 2016-01-21 01:13:11.7782 ±0.062 37.67287 ±0.00447 101.61411 ±0.00387 10.405 ±0.717 9 2016-01-21 01:13:11.7996 ±0.098 37.66871 ±0.00481 101.61696 ±0.00412 10.545 ±1.736 10
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表 5 用不同窗长的P波确定的震源参数及其不确定性
Table 5 Source parameters and their uncertainties determined by P waves with different window length
发震时刻 Δt/s φN/° Δφ/° λE/° Δλ/° h/km Δh/km L/s 年-月-日 时：分：秒 2016-01-21 01:13:11.7596 ±0.058 37.67232 ±0.00099 101.61479 ±0.00096 9.406 ±0.967 1.0 2016-01-21 01:13:11.8289 ±0.087 37.67215 ±0.00199 101.61248 ±0.00254 8.822 ±1.613 2.0 2016-01-21 01:13:11.9882 ±0.232 37.67116 ±0.00502 101.61408 ±0.00388 8.272 ±4.216 3.0 注：L为P波的窗长，下同.
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表 6 用不同窗长L的P波确定的震源中心的参数及其不确定性
Table 6 Hypocentroid parameters and their uncertainties determined by P waves with different window length L
发震时刻 Δt/s φN/° Δφ/° λE/° Δλ/° h/km L/s 年-月-日 时：分：秒 2016-01-21 01:13:11.7596 ±0.058 37.67232 ±0.00099 101.61479 ±0.00096 9.406 1.0 2016-01-21 01:13:11.8441 ±0.133 37.67133 ±0.00225 101.61383 ±0.00268 8.822 2.0 2016-01-21 01:13:11.9882 ±0.232 37.67116 ±0.00502 101.61408 ±0.00388 8.272 3.0 2016-01-21 01:13:11.9317 ±0.235 37.67006 ±0.00675 101.61308 ±0.00773 8.088 4.0 2016-01-21 01:13:11.9204 ±0.208 37.67054 ±0.00599 101.61272 ±0.00863 7.967 5.0 2016-01-21 01:13:12.2306 ±0.171 37.66971 ±0.00561 101.61203 ±0.00753 7.757 6.0 2016-01-21 01:13:12.2427 ±0.236 37.66924 ±0.00622 101.61413 ±0.00757 7.313 7.0 2016-01-21 01:13:12.4561 ±0.272 37.67027 ±0.00714 101.61455 ±0.00864 7.681 8.0 2016-01-21 01:13:12.4553 ±0.332 37.67019 ±0.00801 101.61463 ±0.01131 8.345 9.0 2016-01-21 01:13:12.3842 ±0.475 37.67077 ±0.01110 101.61343 ±0.01249 9.066 10.0
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