Solid tide phenomenon of cold water source well temperature and its mechanism: Taking Huangcun well as an example
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摘要: 该文对黄村冷水源井的水温固体潮现象进行了观测研究，初步解释了冷水源井的水温固体潮汐的形成机理.通过对黄村观测井进行水温梯度的详细观测及不同深度水温的对比观测研究，得到了黄村井水温潮汐现象的观测结果：① 黄村冷水源井的水温固体潮的相位与水位的相位是相反的；② 黄村井水温梯度曲线呈下凹型，特别是在含水层及受含水层进出水影响较大的附近区域下凹程度大，且随着与含水层底板距离逐渐变大，下凹程度也变小；③ 水温传感器的观测值与含水层观测距离存在一定的规律性：距离含水层越远，水温潮汐差越小, 直至潮汐变化消失.这说明冷水源井与热水井的水温潮汐现象是不同的，前者是吸热过程, 后者是放热过程，由此造成二者水-热动力学特征的不同.Abstract: In this study, we conducted an observation to monitor water temperature solid tide phenomenon of cold water source well in Huangcun, and preliminarily interpreted its formation mechanism. Based on detailed monitoring data of water temperature gradient and the comparison of water temperatures in different depths, we concluded the following conclusions: ① The phase of water temperature solid tide of Huangcun well was opposite to that of water level. ② The water temperature gradient of Huangcun well was of concave-down type. The position that was greatly influenced by influent and effluent water of the aquifer or nearby concaved down the most, and the concave degree getting weaker with the increasing of the distance from the aquifer. ③ There is a rule between data from water temperature sensor and the distance from the observation aquifer: Tidal difference of water temperature became smaller with the increasing of distance until tidal variation faded away. It shows that the water temperature tide phenomenon of the cold-water source well is different from that of hot-water source well. One is endothermic process, and the other is exothermic process, which results in the different characteristics of water thermal dynamics.
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本文在撰写过程中，得到刘耀炜研究员和车用太研究员的悉心指导，并得到徐平、胡平及谷永新等几位领导的支持，作者在此一并感谢！
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图 1 黄村井井孔结构与水温梯度图
Figure 1. Borehole structure and water temperature gradient of Huangcun well
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图 2 黄村井2012—2015年水位、水温年变(a)及2014年1月日变(b)动态特征曲线
Figure 2. Dynamic characteristic curves of water level and temperature for Huangcun well in 2014-2015 (a) and January of 2014 (b)
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图 3 黄村井水位观测曲线(a)和不同水温探头埋深h处水温观测曲线(b-j)
Figure 3. Observation curves of water level (a) and water temperature at different probe buried depths h (b-j) for Huangcun well
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图 4 黄村井水位分波振幅和不同水温探头埋深处的水温潮汐分波振幅对比图
Figure 4. Comparison between tidal component amplitudes of water temperatures at different probe buried depths and water level for Huangcun well
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图 5 黄村井-含水层系统物理模型示意图
Figure 5. The physical model sketch of well-aquifer system for Huangcun well
表 1 使用调和分析法得到的黄村井水位、水温潮汐分波振幅
Table 1 Tidal component amplitudes of water level and water temperature for Huangcun well using harmonic analysis method
半月波 水位
/cm理论
固体潮水温/℃ h=35 m h=40 m h=50 m h=70 m h=150 m h=200 m 2N2 0.0010 1.1311 0.0003 0.0004 0 0.0003 0.0003 0.0002 N2 0.0044 7.7826 0.0004 0.0004 0.0002 0.0002 0.0006 0.0012 M2 0.0281 45.9822 0.0015 0.0026 0.0008 0.0009 0.0022 0.0030 L2 0.0015 1.3813 0.0002 0.0002 0.0001 0.0003 0.0003 0.0004 S2K2 0.0661 20.8173 0.0042 0.0057 0.0019 0.0017 0.0025 0.0059 注：h为水温探头埋深. 
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表 2 距含水层底板距离与水温日潮差变化对比
Table 2 Comparison between distance to observation aquifer floor and water temperature diurnal range
水温探头
埋深/m距含水层底板
距离/m水温日潮差
/℃140 0 0.2857 150 10 0.3349 200 60 0.3743 220 80 0.3546 300 160 0.2364 400 260 0
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