Influencing factors of tri-axial fluxgate sensor horizontal and orientation on the accuracy of geomagnetic variation records
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摘要: 针对多套三轴磁通门传感器在同一观测环境下，日变化观测曲线不是完全重合，存在观测数据的不一致性问题，通过理论计算和地磁台站测试实验，分析仪器的定向、底座水平与地磁各分量观测数据之间的变化规律并给出其定量关系.实验结果表明：若存在定向误差角α，则表现为D分量的观测曲线中包含了一定比例的H分量；在水平面内，若存在磁传感器以H分量为轴在ZOD平面内的旋转夹角φ，则表现为D分量的观测曲线中包含了一定比例的Z分量；若存在磁传感器以D分量为轴在ZOH平面内的旋转夹角θ，则表现为H和Z两分量的记录数据中分别包含了一定比例的对方分量成分.Abstract: According to geomagnetic daily variation records of national geomagnetic observatory network of China, we analyze the observation data inconsistency by multiple sets of tri-axial fluxgate sensors in the same observation environment. Through theoretical calculations and experimental tests on the geomagnetic station, we got the quantitative relationships between instrument horizontal, orientation and each geomagnetic component. The experiment results show: if there is orientation error angle α, the D component observing curve contains a certain proportion of the H component; in the horizontal plane, if the angle φ is fromed by magnetic sensor rotating around the H component as axis in the ZOD plane, the D component observing curve contains a certain proportion of the Z component; if the angle θ is formed by magnetic sensor rotating around the D component as axis in the ZOH plane, the H and Z component observation curves contain a certain proportion of each other component.
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地磁台站测试实验过程中，在仪器架设安装及数据处理方面得到了广东省地震局肇庆地磁基准台王建格和陆静辉先生的帮助，作者在此表示衷心的感谢！
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图 1 典型磁通门传感器及磁坐标参考系
(a)三轴磁通门传感器实物图；(b)引入定向误差角α的磁传感器坐标参考系
Figure 1. The typical fluxgate sensor and magnetic coordinate reference system
(a) Physical map of tri-axial fluxgate sensor; (b) Coordinate reference system with orientation error angle α
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图 2 非水平的磁传感器坐标参考系
(a)磁传感器以H分量为轴在ZOD平面内旋转夹角φ；(b)磁传感器以D分量为轴在ZOH平面内旋转夹角θ
Figure 2. Coordinate reference system with horizontal error angle
(a) Angle φ formed by magnetic sensor rotating around H component as an axis in the ZOD plane; (b) Angle θ formed by magnetic sensor rotating around D component as an axis in the ZOH plane
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图 3 传感器姿态偏转角度误差测试
(a)利用姿态测试仪调节角度；(b)三轴磁通门磁力仪连续观测
Figure 3. Attitude angle error test of magnetic sensor
(a) The angle adjustment using the attitude indicator; (b) Tri-axial fluxgate magnetometer observation
表 1 定向误差角导致地磁观测数据变化的实验测试数据
Table 1 Testing data of orientation error angle α
磁场分量 初始磁场值B0/nT 变化后磁场值Bc/nT 磁场差值ΔB/nT 比例系数k/(nT/°) H -32.06 -29.12 -2.94 -0.73 Z -58.31 -43.38 -14.93 -3.73 D -1301.64 1338.00 -2639.64 659.66 注：磁场差值ΔB=Bc-B0，k=ΔB/Δα, Δα=4°. 
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表 2 水平误差角φ导致地磁观测数据变化的实验测试数据
Table 2 Testing data of horizontal error angle φ
磁场分量 初始磁场值B0/nT 变化后磁场值Bc/nT 磁场差值ΔB/nT 比例系数k/(nT/°) H 47.54 -61.47 109.01 27.25 Z -177.80 -4.57 -173.23 -43.30 D 884.09 -863.15 1747.24 436.81 注：磁场差值ΔB=Bc-B0，k=ΔB/Δφ, Δφ=4°.
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表 3 水平误差角θ导致地磁观测数据变化的实验测试数据
Table 3 Testing data of horizontal error angle θ
磁场分量 初始磁场值B0/nT 变化后磁场值BC/nT 磁场差值ΔB/nT 比例系数k/(nT/°) H -951.70 882.03 -1833.73 -458.43 Z 1227.28 -1334.57 2561.85 640.46 D 89.84 0.73 89.11 22.27 注：磁场差值ΔB=Bc-B0，k=ΔB/Δθ, Δθ=4°.
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