Diurnal variation of geoelectric field and its tidal response for the stations Xinyi and Malingshan
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摘要: 基于江苏省新沂台和山东省马陵山台同(近)场地观测的地磁场、地电场和分量应变观测数据，详细分析了两台站地电场日变化的波形、变幅、相位和优势周期成分以及日变幅的季节效应和台址电性条件对其的影响，并在此基础上分析了地电场日变化的机理.结果显示：① 两台站地电场日变化主要为两次起伏变化，主相起伏集中在当地午前午后时段，且起伏波形与磁场日变化的起伏波形大致相同，存在相位差，但主相起伏时段与磁场对时间的偏导曲线上的日变化起伏时段大致对应；地电场变化与磁场正交分量的变化显著相关，且与同方向的分量应变显著相关；地电场日变化波形与分量应变日变波形有很大差异；② 两台站地电场、地磁场日变化的优势周期为12 h，8 h，24 h，最显著周期为12 h，其中12 h和24 h周期成分是应变分量的优势周期；③ 两台站同方向地电场日变化的波形高度相似，但同台正交分量之间的日变幅有方向性差异；朔望月时段的日变幅大于上下弦月时段，日变幅有夏季大于冬季的季节效应；台址电导率越低，日变幅越大.地电场日变化既表现为广域性特征，又表现为局部性特征.地电场日变化机理分析认为，地电场日变化是由月日潮汐力和太阳风引起的电离层活动所导致，同时还受到季节、台址电性条件等多因素的影响.Abstract: This paper analyzes the waveform, amplitude, phase, and dominant period of the diurnal variation of geoelectric field observed at the two stations Xinyi of Jiangsu and Malingshan of Shandong, associated with the observation data of the geomagnetic field and geostrain in/near the two stations, and then discussed seasonal effect of diurnal variation amplitude and the effects from the electrical conditions of station site. Furthermore, the mechanism of the diurnal variation is explored. The results showed that the diurnal variation of geoelectric field appear as two obvious undulating changes, in which its main phases generally appear in the time interval close to noon (local time), and the fluctuation of the main phase is approximately the same as that of the diurnal variation of the geomagnetic field, but there is an phase difference between them. However, the fluctuation time of the main phase roughly corresponds to that of the diurnal fluctuation on the partial derivative curves of the geomagnetic field in respect to time. There are significant correlations between the orthogonal components of both the geoelectric field and geomagnetic filed and between the geoelectric field component and parallel geostrain one, although the diurnal variation of geoelectric field is largely different from the diurnal variation of the geostrain. It can also be concluded that the predominant periodic components of the diurnal variations of both geoelectric and geomagnetic fields chiefly are 12 h, 8 h and 24 h, in which the most principal period is 12 h, and the 12 h-and 24 h-period component are just the dominant periods of the two orthogonal components of geostrain. The fluctuations of the diurnal variation of geoelectric field along the same direction is nearly identical for the two stations. However, the range of the diurnal variation between the two orthogonal components of the same station is different in directivity. The range in the lunar new and full moon days is larger than that in the first and last quarter moons, and the range is also larger in the summer than in the winter, which is obviously a seasonal effect. The smaller the conductivity of the underground medium is, the more larger the range is. The above-mentioned appearances of the diurnal variation of geoelectric field at the two stations have both the wide-area and local characteristics. In the end, it is believed that the diurnal variation of geoelectric field is caused by the force from the solar and lunar tides as well as the ionospheric activity induced by the solar wind, and it is also affected by other factors such as the season and electrical conditions of underground medium of station site, etc.
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Keywords:
- geoelectric field /
- geomagnetic field /
- geostrain /
- diurnal variation /
- period /
- the range of diurnal variation
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图 1 新沂台、马陵山台观测场地的地质构造图(a)和地电场观测装置示意图(b，c)
Figure 1. The geological structure around the stations Xinyi and Malingshan (a) and the schematic diagrams for observation configuration of geoelectric field (b, c)
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图 2 新沂台和马陵山台地电场E、地磁场B以及NS向和EW向分量应变ε的分钟值曲线
(a) 2011年9月1—2日; (b) 2015年9月28—29日
Figure 2. The minute-value curves of geoeletric field E, geomagnetic field B and geostrain ε in the directions NS and EW at the stations Xinyi and Malingshan
(a) September 1-2, 2011; (b) September 28-29, 2015
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图 3 2011年9月1—2日新沂台地电场(Ex, Ey)与地磁场(Bx, By)偏导对比曲线
Figure 3. The curves of geoeletric field (Ex, Ey) and partial derivative curves of geomagnetic field (Bx, By) in respect to time at the station Xinyi in September 1-2, 2011
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图 4 甘肃省肃南台2010年12月1—3日地倾斜NS分量和山丹台地电场Ex分量分钟值曲线
Figure 4. The minute-value curves of NS component of ground tilt at the station Su'nan and geoeletric field Ex at the station Shandan, Gansu Province in December 1-3, 2010
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图 5 2011年9月新沂台和马陵山台地电场E、地磁场B和NS，EW方向的分量应变ε的频谱曲线
Figure 5. The amplitude spectra of geoeletric field E, geomagnetic field B and geostrain ε along NS and EW directions at the stations Xinyi and Malingshan in September of 2011
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图 6 新沂台和马陵山台地电场E、地磁场B和分量应变ε日变幅随时间变化的曲线
Figure 6. The curve of diurnal variation range of geoeletric field E, geomagnetic field B and component strain ε at the stations Xinyi and Malingshan
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图 7 马陵山台和新沂台电测深曲线
Figure 7. The electrical sounding curves for the stations Malingshan (left panels) and Xinyi (right panels)
表 1 2011年公历与阴历对应日期
Table 1 Gregorian calendar and the Chinese lunar calendar in 2011
公历日期 阴历日期 3月18—19日 二月十三至十四(望月附近) 3月26—27日 二月二十二至二十三(下弦月) 6月3—4日 五月初二至初三(朔月附近) 6月9—10日 五月初八至初九(上弦月) 9月1—2日 八月初二至初三(朔月附近) 9月20—21日 八月二十一至二十二(下弦月) 11月4—5日 十月初八至初九(上弦月) 11月9—10日 十月十四至十五(望月附近) 
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表 2 新沂台和马陵山台2011年地电场、地磁场同分量及正交分量的相关系数
Table 2 The correlative coefficient between geoeletric field and geomagnetic field of the stations Xinyi and Malingshan in 2011
日期 新沂台相关系数 马陵山台相关系数 新沂台同向相关系数 Ex-By Ey-Bx Ex-By Ey-Bx Ex-Bx Ey-By 3月18—19日 0.69 -0.37 0.61 -0.38 0.37 0.27 3月26—27日 0.75 -0.53 0.73 -0.63 0.44 0.25 6月3—4日 0.67 -0.69 0.64 0.73 0.45 0.67 6月9—10日 0.88 -0.60 0.80 -0.57 0.42 0.12 9月1—2日 0.69 -0.82 0.66 -0.89 0.60 0.62 9月20—21日 0.90 -0.91 0.87 -0.86 0.78 0.40 11月4—5日 0.70 -0.68 0.72 -0.58 0.30 -0.31 11月9—10日 0.60 -0.38 0.59 -0.33 0.30 -0.13
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表 3 新沂台和马陵山台地电场与分量应变的相关系数
Table 3 The correlation coefficient of geoeletric field andgeostrain for the stations Xinyi and Malingshan
日期 新沂台相关系数 马陵山台相关系数 新沂台同向相关系数 Ex-εNS Ey-εEW Ex-εNS Ey-εEW Ex-εEW Ey-εNS 3月18—19日 0.43 -0.72 0.41 -0.66 -0.04 -0.68 3月26—27日 0.31 -0.22 0.30 -0.30 -0.09 0.19 6月3—4日 0.51 -0.50 0.56 -0.55 -0.26 -0.59 6月9—10日 0.43 -0.56 0.46 -0.59 -0.02 -0.36 9月1—2日 0.44 -0.79 0.47 -0.72 0.21 -0.78 9月20—21日 0.37 -0.34 0.34 -0.38 0.04 -0.01 11月4—5日 0.53 -0.58 0.54 -0.54 0.31 -0.60 11月9—10日 0.58 -0.58 0.58 -0.56 0.30 -0.66
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表 4 2011年新沂台和马陵山台磁静日地电场日变幅均值
Table 4 The daily variation amplitude mean of geoeletric field on geomagnetic quiet days in 2011
单位：mV/km 月份 新沂台 马陵山台 Ex Ey Ex Ey 1 5.6 3.7 10.6 3.4 2 5.2 3.6 10.2 3.4 3 5.6 3.9 10.6 3.4 4 5.3 4.1 10.4 3.4 5 5.6 4.7 10.6 3.4 6 7.2 5.5 14.0 4.4 7 6.2 5.5 14.3 4.9 8 6.3 5.2 13.4 4.4 9 6.2 5.4 14.3 4.9 10 7.2 5.5 14.0 4.4 11 5.3 3.8 9.4 3.4 12 5.3 4.1 9.4 3.4
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