Variation of geoelectric pulse energy spectra on the northeastern margin of Tibet Plateau
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摘要: 基于我国青藏高原东北缘地区的5个地电场观测台站2015年以来的长时段地电场数据，首先使用求取两信号互相关函数的方法压制了大部分不相关电磁扰动，然后通过高通滤波和信号的频谱、自功率谱和互功率谱分析，得到了互相关分析后各台站的时频变化情况，结果显示在1 Hz采样数据中10-3—10-1 Hz部分可能含有地电脉动信号.同时通过对大武台原始数据进行小波变换分析，并将同时段地电场观测与相关频段的地磁场观测进行对比，结果表明，地球电场在该频段内表现出Pc3—5的特点，地电脉动成分占优势，且10-3—10-1 Hz频段的能量较高，这一现象可能与地球磁层和电离层辐射波的稳定性有关.Abstract: The geomagnetic pulsation, which is in the period of 0.2-600 s and appears at a particular moment, is an important component of the geomagnetic field. However, there is no uniform understanding about the ultra-low frequency (ULF) components of the geoelectric field and how is it changing, the main reason is perhaps the lack of the observation data to support study. In the paper, we calculate cross-correlation function of two signals based on the geoelectric field data with ultra-low frequency (1 Hz) from five observation stations around northeastern margin of Tibet Plateau since 2015. Consequently, the most uncorrelated electromagnetic disturbance may be suppressed. By the way of high pass filter, frequency spectrum, auto-power spectrum and cross-power spectrum of the signals, the result show that the sampling data in the frequency band of 10-3-10-1 Hz perhaps contains geoelectric pulsation signal. At the same time, through comparison with the analytical result of the relevant frequency bands of the geomagnetic field, we draw the conclusion that the geoelectric field within the frequency band 10-3-10-1 Hz shows the characteristics of the Pc3-5, in addition, the 10-3-10-1 Hz frequency band had the largest spectrum. This phenomenon may be related to the stability of the magnetosphere and the ionospheric radiation.
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图 1 本文所用的青藏高原东北缘地区地电场台站分布图
Figure 1. Distribution of the geoelectric field stations on northeastern margin of Tibet Plateau used in the present paper
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图 2 互相关函数分析验证
(a)频率为3 Hz和10 Hz的a信号频谱图；(b)频率为3 Hz和5 Hz的b信号频谱图；(c)信号a与b互相关分析后的频谱图
Figure 2. The validation of the cross-correlation function analysis
(a) The spectrum of the signal a with frequency 3 Hz and 10 Hz; (b) The spectrum of the signal b with frequency 3 Hz and 5 Hz; (c) The spectrum after the cross-correlation analysis between signals a and b
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图 3 玛曲台叠加供电干扰的原始信号
Figure 3. The normal signal superimposed with the power supply interference recorded at station Maqu
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图 4 不同台站同测向、同一台站长短极距地电场互相关过程及其相应的频谱图
(a)玛曲台、大武台NS长极距原始曲线及互相关曲线；(b)玛曲台NS长极距、短极距原始曲线及互相关曲线；(c)与图(a)相对应的频谱分析结果；(d)与图(b)相对应的频谱分析结果
Figure 4. The cross-correlation process of the geoelectric field in the same direction at different stations and that on long-short dipole at the same station and the corresponding power spectra
(a) The curve on the long dipole at the stations Maqu and Dawu and their cross-correlation curve; (b) The curves on the long-short dipole at the station Maqu station and their cross-correlation curve; (c) The spectrum analysis results corresponding to Fig.(a); (d) The spectrum analysis results corresponding to Fig.(b)
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图 5 大武台与各台站同方向长极距地电场互相关频谱图
(a)大武台与白水河台；(b)大武台与玛曲台；(c)大武台与金银滩台；(d)大武台与银川台
Figure 5. The cross-correlation spectrum of geoelectrical field on the long dipole in the same direction between the station Dawu and the other ones
(a) Between Dawu and Baishuihe; (b) Between Dawu and Maqu; (c) Between Dawu and Jinyintan; (d) Between Dawu and Yinchuan
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图 6 2016年5月大武台与各台站长极距同测向地电场互相关频谱图
(a)大武台与白水河台；(b)大武台与玛曲台；(c)大武台与金银滩台；(d)大武台与银川台
Figure 6. The cross-correlation spectrum of georesistivities on the long dipole in the same direction between the station Dawu and the other ones in May 2016
(a) Between Dawu and Baishuihe; (b) Between Dawu and Maqu; (c) Between Dawu and Jinyintan; (d) Between Dawu and Yinchuan
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图 7 大武台NS测向观测数据的11阶小波模态
Figure 7. The 11-order wavelet mode of the observation data from the station Dawu in the NS direction
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图 8 大武台地电场原始曲线及小波能谱
(a，c) 2015年5月1—9日NS, EW向长极距地电场原始曲线和小波能谱分析；(b，d) 2015年5月2日、6日NS, EW向长极距地电场小波能谱分析
Figure 8. The geoelectric field curves and their wavelet energy spectra at the station Dawu
(a, c) The geoelectric curves and the wavelet energy spectra on the long dipole in NS and EW directions in May 1-9, 2015; (b, d) The wavelet energy spectra on the long dipole in NS and EW directions on May 2 and 6, 2015
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图 9 2015年1月21日大武台地电场与地磁场频谱比较
(a)地电场NS向长短极距互相关频谱分析；(b)地电场EW向长短极距互相关频谱分析；(c)地磁垂直分量与磁偏角分量互相关频谱分析；(d)地磁水平分量与磁偏角分量互相关频谱分析
Figure 9. Comparison of the frequency spectrum of the geoelectric field with that of the geomagnetic field measured at station Dawu on January 21, 2015
(a) The cross-correlation spectrum of geoelectrical field on the long-short dipole in the NS direction; (b) The cross-correlation spectrum of geoelectrical field on the long-short dipole in the EW direction; (c) The cross-correlation spectrum between the vertical geomagnetic component and magnetic deflection component; (d) The cross-correlation spectrum between horizontal geomagnetic component and magnetic deflection component
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图 10 2015年1月21日大武台地磁场(a)、地电场(b)同时段原始曲线(上)及频谱图(下)
Figure 10. The original curves (upper) and the spectra (lower) of the geomagnetic field (a) and geoelectric field (b) measured at station Dawu in a time interval on January 21, 2015
表 1 青藏高原东北缘地区互相关高频地电场主要频谱成分
Table 1 Main spectral component of the high frequency geoelectric field stations obtained by cross-correlation analyses on northeastern margin of Tibet Plateau
互相关台站 测向 主频次范围
/Hz最大能量
/dB白水河台长、 短 NS 0.02—0.05 1380 EW 0.02—0.05 300 金银滩台长、 短 NS 0.006—0.02 1190 EW 0.03—0.07 3400 玛曲台长、 短 NS 0.05—0.09 4.3 EW 0.05—0.09 5.5 银川台长、 短 NS 0.05—0.09 1890 EW 0.05—0.09 1690 大武台长、 短 NS 0.003—0.03 4.6 EW 0.005—0.03 1.1 白水河台、 大武台 NS 0.02—0.1 96 EW 0.007—0.1 14.8 金银滩台、 大武台 NS 0.005—0.02 240 EW 0.005—0.12 95 玛曲台、 大武台 NS 0.007—0.08 16 EW 0.007—0.08 6.6 银川台、 大武台 NS 0.007—0.08 99 EW 0.007—0.08 45 大武台、 大武台 NS — — EW — — 
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