Phase correlation features of geoelectric field diurnal waveforms in multi-orientation
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摘要: 本文以电磁环境、装置系统、日变波形均具有代表性的海安、平凉、瓜州等7个台站为对象,基于大地电场潮汐机理和裂隙水(电荷)渗流(移动)模型,应用快速傅里叶变换和矢量分析方法,研究这7个台站在2009—2015年多个时段、多个测向的地电场日变波形的相位关系及影响因素.结果显示:多方位地电场观测的日变波形之间具有同相或反相的相位关联特征; 当观测地电场的电极与仪器的连接方式确定后,不同测向地电场日变波形的相位关联即由场地岩体裂隙优势方位所决定,且这种相位关联特征具有相对稳定性.Abstract: In general, recognizable diurnal variation waveforms appear at 70 percent of the more than one hundred geoelectric field stations in Chinese mainland. In this paper, we discussed seven stations including Hai'an, Pingliang, Guazhou, which are representatively characterized by the electromagnetic environment, device system and the diurnal waveforms. Based on the tidal mechanism and the model of rock crack water seepage or the electric charges movement in crack water, and with the application of fast Fourier transform algorithm and vector analysis methods, we studied the phase correlation and influence factors of diurnal waveforms of the seven stations in multiple periods and multi-orientation during 2009—2015, and received the following conclusions: geoelectric field diurnal waveforms observed in each orientation always show the same or opposite phase correlation; the dominant orientation of rock crack will decide phase correlations among geoelectric field diurnal waveforms observed from multi-orientation when the connection mode between electrodes and the instrument is determined, and the correlations are relatively steady.
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图 1 中国大陆地电场观测装置及连接方式
(a)双等腰三角形布极系统;(b)电极与仪器连接方式;(c)地电场正方向(箭头所指方向)示意图
Figure 1. Observation device of geoelectric field used in Chinese mainland and its connection mode
(a) Double "isosceles triangule" electrodes layout; (b) The connection mode between electrodes and instrument; (c) Positive direction (the arrow pointing direction) for geoelectric field
图 4 不同电荷流动优势方向下正交测向(NS和EW)地电场日变波形的相位关系原理示意图(红色箭头表示裂隙优势方位,下同)
(a) NW向;(b) NE向;(c) N向;(d) E向
Figure 4. Phase correlation principle diagram of orthogonal (NS and EW) geoelectric field diurnal waveforms in different dominant orientations of charge movement (red arrows represent dominant orientation of rock crack, the same below)
(a) NW direction; (b) NE direction; (c) N direction; (d) E direction
图 5 不同电荷流动优势方向下斜测向(NW)与正交测向(NS和EW)地电场日变波形相位关系原理示意图
(a) NW向;(b) NE向(α < N45°E);(c) NE向(α > N45°E);(d) N向;(e) E向
Figure 5. Principle diagram of phase correlation between oblique (NW) and orthogonal (NS and EW) geoelectric field diurnal waveforms in different dominant orientations of charge movement
(a) NW direction; (b) NE direction (α < N45°E); (c) NE direction (α > N45°E); (d) N direction; (e) E direction
图 6 多测向地电场日变波形相位关系分析的物理模型
(a)裂隙优势方位排列示意图;(b)裂隙水(电荷)渗流(移动)的周期性;(c)地电场ET及其在各测向的分量
Figure 6. Physical model of phase correlation analysis of multi-orientation geoelectric field diurnal waveforms
(a) Sketch of crack dominant orientation; (b) Periodicity of crack water seepage or electric charges movement; (c) Geoelectric field ET and its components in each orientation
图 7 平凉台各测向地电场日变波形相位关系分析图
(a)布极方式及裂隙优势方位;(b) NS,EW和NW测向的地电场日变波形;(c) ET与各分量的矢量关系
Figure 7. Analysis of phase correlation of geoelectric field diurnal waveforms in different orientations at Pingliang station
(a) Layout of electrodes and dominant crack orientation; (b) Geoelectric field diurnal waveforms in NS, EW, and NW orientations; (c) Vector relations between ET and each component
表 1 2015年1—10月4个台站NS和EW测向观测到的地电场日变波形相位关系的稳定性统计
Table 1 Statistics on phase correlation stability of geoelectric field diurnal waveforms in NS and EW orientations at the four stations from January to October of 2015
台站 日变波形类型 日变波形相位关系 1月 2月 3月 4月 5月 6月 7月 8月 9月 10月 瓜州 TGF-B + + + + + + + + + + 高邮 TGF-A + + + + + + + + + + 银川 TGF-B - - - - - - - - - - 陵阳 TGF-A - - - - - - - - - - 注:“+”表示相位相同,“-”表示相位相反. 表 2 2009年7月7日平凉台3个测向潮汐谐波振幅和的矢量关系
Table 2 Vector relations of the sum of tidal harmonic amplitudes in the three orientations for Pingliang station on July 7, 2009
测向 日变波形 α E′T分量
/(mV·km-1)E′T
/(mV·km-1)γEW/NW γEW/NS γNW/NS EW TGF-B 13.16 14.27 NW TGF-B N67.25°E 5.40 14.26 -0.99 0.99 -0.99 NS TGF-B 5.67 14.66 -
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