Responses of mud volcanoes in the North Tianshan to the 30 June 2012 Xinyuan-Hejing MS6.6 earthquake
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摘要: 2012年6月30日新源-和静MS6.6地震前后, 北天山泥火山出现了喷溢和地球化学异常变化. 该地震前、 后4天内两次观测了北天山泥火山, 采集了两批温泉和泥火山气体样品, 测定了样品的气体组分和He、 Ne同位素及CH4、 CO2的碳同位素组成. 结果表明, 泥火山发生了同震喷发, 气体排放量增加, 温泉和泥火山气体出现了不同程度的微量气体浓度异常, 独山子泥火山震前出现了3He/4He高值异常. 研究结果有利于确定利用泥火山和温泉监测地震活动的方法和指标.Abstract: Eruption and geochemical anomalies of mud volcanoes in the North Tianshan were found before and after the 30 June 2012 Xinyuan-Hejing MS6.6 earthquake in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang), northwestern China. The mud volcanoes in the Northern Tianshan were surveyed, and the gas samples from the hot springs and mud volcanoes were collected twice in four days before and after the earthquake. Concentrations of gaseous components and isotopic compositions of CH4, CO2 and He, Ne were measured. The data indicated that the mud volcanoes coseismically erupted, amount of gas emissions increased, and anomalies of trace gas concentrations appeared in the hot springs and mud volcanoes in different levels. High-value anomaly of 3He/4He in the Dushanzi mud volcano occurred before the earthquake. Results are favorable to selecting the indicators for monitoring seismic activities in the study area by using hot springs and mud volcanoes.
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Keywords:
- mud volcanoes /
- earthquake /
- gas /
- isotope /
- Xinjiang
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图 1 图1 天山中段活动断裂和采样点分布略图
1. 新疆21号泉; 2. 新疆25号泉; 3. 安集海泥火山; 4. 独山子泥火山; 5. 阿拉山温泉; 6. 乌苏市白杨沟泥火山; 7. 乌苏市艾其沟泥火山
Figure 1. Active faults and sampling sites in the middle segment of Tianshan
1. Xinjiang spring No.21; 2. Xinjiang spring No.25; 3. Anjihai mud volcano; 4. Dushanzi mud volcano; 5. Alxa hot spring; 6. Baiyanggou mud volcano in Wusu city; 7. Aiqigou mud volcano in Wusu city
图 2 乌苏白杨沟泥火山口震前(2012年6月27日7时6分)(a)和震后(2012年7月1日18时19分)(b)的照片图中泥浆上面有石油形成的晕色, 震后气泡明显变大、 增多, 排气量增加图中泥浆上面有石油形成的晕色, 震后气泡明显变大、 增多, 排气量增加
Figure 2. Photos of Baiyanggou mud volcano before the Xinyuan-Hejing MS6.6 earthquake (a: 07 h 06 min on 27 June 2012) and after the event (b: 18 h 19 min on 1 July 2012) The iridescence formed by petroleum on mud was colorful. The size and number of bubbles increased obviously after the earthquake, indicating gas discharge increased
图 3 乌苏市艾其沟泥火山锥照片
(a) 2012年6月27日18点AM02泥火山口照片; (b)、 (c)分别为7月1日、 7月2日照片; (d), (e)分别为6月27日、 7月1日干涸的AM01泥火山口照片
Figure 3. Photos of Aiqigou mud volcanoes in Wusu city
(a) Photo of mud volcano AM02 at 18:00 on 27 June 2012; (b) and (c) Photos of mud volcano AM02 on 1 and 2 July respectively; (d) and (e) Photos of mud volcano MA01 taken on 27 June and 1 July respectively
图 4 新源-和静MS6.6地震前后独山子泥火山的照片(a)、 (b)分别为1号泥火山震前(6月27日)和震后(7月2日)照片; (c)、 (d)分别为2号泥火山震前(6月27日)和震后(7月2日)照片
Figure 4. Photos of Dushanzi mud volcanoes before and after the Xinyuan-Hejing MS6.6 earthqake (a) and (b) are photoes of mud volcano No.1 taken on 27 June and 2 July 2012, respectively; (c) and (d) are those of mud volcano No.2 taken on 27 June and 2 July 2012, respectively
图 6 泥火山气体中N2、 CO2、 CH4浓度和碳同位素组成及氦同位素组成变化 (a)-(f) 分别为氦同位素比值、 氮气、 甲烷的碳同位素组成、 甲烷浓度、 二氧化碳的碳同位素组成和二氧化碳浓度随时间的变化. 1991年6月和2010年8月数据引自戴金星等(2012), 2008年4月数据引自Nakada等(2011)
Figure 6. Diagrams of molecular and isotopic compositions from the mud volcanoes at different dates (a)-(f) show variations of 3He/4He, N2, δ13C of CH4, concentration of CH4, δ13C of CO2and concentration of CO2respectively; data of June 1991 and August 2010 after Dai et al(2012), data of April 2008 after Nakada et al(2011)
表 1 新疆北天山泥火山和温泉气体的组分与同位素组成
Table 1 Molecular and isotopic compositions of gases from the mud volcanoes in North Tianshan, Xinjiang
名称
纬度/°
经度/°E新疆21号泉
43.730 12
86.556 42鸡蛋泉
43.837 06
85.375 93阿拉山温
泉44.177 38
85.446 69安集海泥火山
44.304 71
84.847 28独山子泥火山
44.124 10
84.639 97白杨沟泥火山
44.182 77
84.387 63艾其沟泥火山
44.188 86
84.493 14采样日期 2012-06-26 06-26 07-03 06-27 07-02 06-27 07-03 06-27 07-02 06-27 07-01 06-27 07-01 07-03 N2 44.81% 94.95% 94.38% 95.50% n 34.00% 1.24% 3.37% 2.54% 3.11% 2.96% 1.52% 2.51% 3.29% O2 5.52% 3.34% 4.12% 3.04% n 1.03% 0.03% 0.12% 0.03% 0.03% 0.04% 0.04% 0.03% 0.06% Ar 0.59% 1.13% 1.26% 1.27% n 0.58% 0.02% 0.03% 0.02% 0.04% 0.02% 0.01% 0.03% 0.04% CO2 0.04% 0.02% 0.02% 0.02% n 2.50% 6.14% 3.92% 4.23% 1.64% 2.31% 15.48% 15.11% 14.90% C1 48.97% 0.28% 0.07% 0.07% n 59.09% 87.58% 88.12% 88.77% 85.25% 94.66% 78.16% 77.26% 76.59% C2 0.02% - - - n 2.81% 4.99% 4.40% 4.39% 9.89% - 4.76% 5.02% 5.08% C3 - - - - n - - 0.03% 0.03% 0.01% - 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% H2S/10-6 13 - 23 - n 27 - - - - - - - - H2/10-6 218 2378 762 - n - - - - 276 - - - - He/10-6 203 495 803 937 n - - - - - - - - - 4He/20Ne 1026.01 325.30 141.92 535.41 529.33 7.76 277.12 3.95 465.18 1345.02 297.89 2362.71 131.93 507.02 0.0133 0.0352 0.0462 0.0270 0.0268 0.2337 0.0280 0.5557 0.0316 0.0139 0.0192 0.0122 0.0562 0.1345 (3) (5) (10) (7) (7) (175) (6) (140) (7) (5) (7) (3) (11) (31) δ13C1 -40.97‰ 4.84‰ 2.75‰ -13.41‰ -14.81‰ -36.77‰ -37.95‰ -42.58‰ -42.57‰ -45.65‰ -46.03‰ -41.12‰ -41.07‰ -41.24‰ δ13CCO2 -7.30‰ -11.57‰ -10.33‰ -15.81‰ -15.23‰ 31.64‰ 32.11‰ 21.75‰ 19.89‰ 15.78‰ 15.20‰ 29.20‰ 29.14‰ 29.00‰ R/Ra 0.02 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.45 0.04 0.78 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.08 0.19 N2/O2 8.11 28.41 22.93 31.46 n 33.13 36.10 29.12 82.49 108.33 69.33 34.89 74.11 52.38 O2/Ar 9.33 2.96 3.28 2.39 n 1.76 1.93 3.32 2.00 0.76 1.74 5.26 1.19 1.66 T/℃ 36.00 49.50 42.50 43.30 41.90 22.40 30.80 24.90 22.20 25.00 23.90 16.50 20.50 18.00 注: 表中“-”表示未检出, n表示未测(样品废了), R/Ra表示测量的3He/4He值与大气3He/4He值(1.4×10-6)的比, 括弧内的数值表示误差, δ13CCO2和δ13C1分别表示CO2和CH4的碳同位素组成. -
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