Temporal variation of vP/vS at single seismic station before the 2013 Lushan MS7.0 earthquake
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摘要: 在搜集和整理中国地震局四川数字地震台网2001年1月—2013年7月震相观测报告的基础上， 采用单台多震和达测定法， 重点分析研究了芦山地震前波速比时空变化特征. 为保证计算结果的可靠性和稳定性， 对所收集到的单台震相数据和计算结果的精度进行系统的筛选和限定， 同时对出现异常的地震台， 进行不同台站方位和距台站不同空间范围的波速比时空变化特征的分区细化对比研究. 根据其存在的共性和差异， 探讨预测孕震体空间尺度的可能性. 结果发现， 龙门山断裂带南段及附近地区的小金、 蒙顶山、 油罐顶、 花马寺和五马坪等5个台站的波速比在芦山地震前均存在较明显的降低过程； 小金、 蒙顶山、 油灌顶和花马寺等4个台站的波速比异常降低过程大约持续了3年半， 震前除小金台未见明显回返过程外， 其它3个台站均在震前1年左右出现回返特征； 峨眉山台和五马坪台的波速比时间演化特征差异性较大， 表现出一定的复杂性. 从芦山地震前波速比时间变化特征的动态跟踪中还发现， 强震前波速比异常区的范围具有向未来震中及其附近地区收缩的趋势.Abstract: Based on the seismic phase data recorded by Sichuan Digital Seismic Network from January of 2001 to July of 2013, this study analyzes the spatio-temporal variation of wave velocity ratio vP/vS before the Lushan MS7.0 earthquake by using Wadati method of single station and multi-earthquake. To ensure the accuracy and stability of the calculated results, we carefully winnow the data. Moreover, we compare the wave velocity ratios calculated by using phase data recorded by the stations with different azimuths and different epicentral distances, so that we discuss the size of potential seismogenic body for future earthquakes. Our results show that, in the southern Longmenshan fault and its surrounding area, there was an obvious decrease in wave velocity ratio at five stations (XJI, MDS, YGD, HMS and WMP) before the Lushan MS7.0 earthquake. In particular, for the four stations (XJI, MDS, YGD and HMS), there had been an obvious vP/vS decrease for 3.5 years before the Lushan earthquake; except the station XJI, at other three stations appeared a recovery of vP/vS ratio one year before the earthquake. The anomalous characteristics are largely different for the stations EMS and WMP, indicating some complexity. Tracing the temporal variations of vP/vS, it is also found that the extent of the region with anomalous wave velocity ratio tends to concentrate at the future epicenter and its surrounding regions.
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图 1 蒙顶山台离散点排除前(a)后(b)满足计算约束条件的震相数据总体和达曲线图
Figure 1. Wadati curves of phase data satisfying the constraint conditions before (a) and after (b) eliminating the discrete points for thestation MDS
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图 2 小金台离散点排除前(a)后(b)满足计算约束条件的震相数据总体和达曲线图
Figure 2. Wadati curves of phase data satisfying the constraint conditions before (a) and after (b) eliminating the discrete points for thestation XJI
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图 3 四川及邻区2001年1月—2013年3月地震震中空间分布图
Figure 3. Epicentral distribution of Sichuan Province and its adjacent regions from January 2001 to March 2013
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图 4 芦山地震前波速比异常台站和正常台站的空间分布
Figure 4. Distribution of stations with wave velocity ratio decreasing (denoted by red triangles) and those with normal ratio (denoted by blue triangles) before the Lushan MS7.0 earthquake
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图 5 蒙顶山台(a)、 小金台(b)、 油罐顶台(c)和花马寺台(d) 2001年1月—2013年6月波速比时间变化曲线
蓝色曲线为实际波速比值， 红色曲线为10个点滑动平均值, 黑色实线为波速比 平均值， 黑色虚线为1倍方差值， 灰色竖线为每组数据的计算误差
Figure 5. vP/vS versus time curves for the stations MDS (a), XJI (b), YGD (c) and HMS (d) from January 2001 to June 2013
The blue curve denotesvP/vS values, the red curve denotes moving average ratio over 10 points, thesolid black line denotes the average vP/vS ratio, dashed black lines denote the standard deviation, and the grey vertical bars denote deviation
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图 6 五马坪台(a)和峨眉山台(b) 2001年1月—2013年6月波速比时间变化曲线
Figure 6. vP/vS versus time curves for the stations WMP (a) and EMS (b) from January 2001 to June 2013
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图 7 雷波台(a)、 姑咱台(b)、 成都台(c)、 道孚台(d)、 汶川台(e)和马尔康台(f) 2001年1月—2013年6月波速比时间变化曲线
Figure 7. vP/vS versus time curves for the stations LBO (a), GZA (b), CD2 (c), DFU (d), WCH (e) and MEK (f) from January 2001 to June 2013
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图 8 小金台(XJI)选定地震的空间分布图(a)及东区(b)和西区(c)的波速比时间变化曲线
Figure 8. The selected epicentral distribution for XJI station (a), vP/vS versus time curves for the east area (b) and west area (c) of the XJI station
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图 9 油罐顶台(YGD)选定地震的空间分布图(a)及东区(b)和西区(c)的波速比时间变化曲线
Figure 9. The selected epicentral distribution for the YGD station (a), vP/vS versus time curves for the east area (b) and west area (c) of the YGD station
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图 10 蒙顶山台(MDS)选定地震的空间分布图(a)及中东区(b)和西区(c)波速比时间变化曲线
Figure 10. The selected epicentral distribution for MDS station (a), vP/vS versus time curves for the middle-east area (b) and west area (c) of the MDS station
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图 11 油榨坪台(YZP)选定地震的空间分布图(a)和西南区波速比时间变化曲线(b)
Figure 11. The selected epicentral distribution for YZP station (a) as well as vP/vS versus time curve for the southwest area of YZP station (b)
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图 12 成都台(CD2)选定地震的空间分布图(a)和西南区波速比时间变化曲线(b)
Figure 12. (a) The selected epicentral distribution for CD2 station; (b) vP/vS versus time curve for the southwest area of CD2 station
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图 13 蒙顶山台(MDS)选定地震的空间分布图(a)及分别以134.4 km (b)， 168.0 km (c), 201.6 km (d) 和 235.2 km (e)为半径的圆域内的波速比时间变化曲线
Figure 13. The selected epicentral distribution for the station MDS (a), vP/vS versus time curves for theMDS station at the radia 134.4 km (b), 168.0 km (c), 201.6 km (d) and 235.2 km (e)
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图 14 小金台(XJI)选定地震的空间分布图(a)及分别以134.4 km (b)， 168.0 km (c), 201.6 km (d) 和 235.2 km (e)为半径的圆域内的波速比时间变化曲线
Figure 14. The selected epicenter distribution for XJI station (a), vP/vS versus time curves for XJI station at the radia 134.4 km (b), 168.0 km (c), 201.6 km (d) and 235.2 km (e)
表 1 龙门山断裂西侧台站波速比平均值对比表
Table 1 Average velocity ratios for the stations in the west of Longmenshan fault zone
台站 震级下限 波速比 总平均值 方差 样本 组数 汶川地震前波 速比总平均值 汶川地震后波 速比总平均值 汶川地震前后 波速比变化量 黑水 ML≥2.5 1.686 0.016 2610 1.664 1.689 0.025 青川 ML≥2.5 1.692 0.011 2967 1.672 1.693 0.021 汶川 ML≥2.5 1.683 0.019 3684 1.671 1.684 0.013 平武 ML≥2.5 1.707 0.013 4375 1.685 1.708 0.023 松潘 ML≥2.5 1.685 0.015 2970 1.668 1.686 0.018 平均 1.691 1.672 1.692 0.020 
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表 2 龙门山断裂东侧台站波速比平均值对比表
Table 2 Average velocity ratios for the stations in the east of Longmenshan fault zone
台站 震级下限 波速比 总平均值 方差 样本 组数 汶川地震前波 速比总平均值 汶川地震后波 速比总平均值 汶川地震前后 波速比变化量 仲家沟 ML≥2.5 1.659 0.020 4547 1.646 1.660 0.016 安县 ML≥2.5 1.650 0.018 3966 1.677 1.649 -0.028 金鸡寺 ML≥2.5 1.653 0.029 3972 1.652 1.653 0.001 油榨坪 ML≥2.5 1.675 0.018 3469 1.677 1.675 -0.002 成都 ML≥2.5 1.666 0.018 3839 1.669 1.665 -0.004 平均 1.661 1.664 1.660 -0.004
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