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震后形变和岩石圈流变学结构

刘绍卓, 沈正康

刘绍卓, 沈正康. 2014: 震后形变和岩石圈流变学结构. 地震学报, 36(2): 318-336. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-3782.2014.02.016
引用本文: 刘绍卓, 沈正康. 2014: 震后形变和岩石圈流变学结构. 地震学报, 36(2): 318-336. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-3782.2014.02.016
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Liu Shaozhuo, Shen Zhengkang. 2014: Postseismic deformation and its association with lithospheric rheological structure. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 36(2): 318-336. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-3782.2014.02.016
Citation: Liu Shaozhuo, Shen Zhengkang. 2014: Postseismic deformation and its association with lithospheric rheological structure. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 36(2): 318-336. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-3782.2014.02.016
shu

震后形变和岩石圈流变学结构

  • 1.

    中国北京 100029 中国地震局地质研究所地震动力学国家重点实验室

  • 2.

    中国北京 100871 北京大学地球与空间科学学院

基金项目: 自然科学基金重大项目(41090294)资助.
详细信息
    通讯作者:

    刘绍卓, E-mail: Liu-shao_zhuo@163.com

  • 中图分类号: P315.72+5

Postseismic deformation and its association with lithospheric rheological structure

  • 1.

    State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China

  • 2.

    School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

摘要

    摘要
  • 摘要: 岩石圈流变学结构是控制不同构造环境下岩石圈形变的关键因素之一. 随着空间大地测量观测技术的发展， 基于空间大地测量数据的震后形变研究对揭示断裂带内的力学性质和区域性岩石圈流变学结构已成为可能. 该文首先基于岩石力学的摩擦和流变学实验， 对余滑和分布式韧性流的构造物理背景进行了分别阐述， 并介绍了震后形变数值模拟中本构关系和数值模型的发展. 数值模型主要有解析、 半解析和纯数值3类， 涉及的本构关系包括基于速率-状态摩擦准则的余滑以及分布式韧性流中常用的线性流变学模型(麦克斯韦尔体和标准线性固体)和瞬态流变学模型(宏观经验性的伯格斯(Burgers)体和微观幂律流变律). 然后以美国南加州1992年Landers MW7.3地震和1999年Hector Mine MW7.1地震震后形变研究为例， 介绍了震后形变的研究进展. 最后回顾了大陆岩石圈流变学结构的研究进展， 并以震后形变研究中的流变学结构(“三明治模型”和“焦糖布丁模型”)存在的争议为例， 说明了岩石圈流变学结构研究所具有的挑战性.
    Abstract: Lithospheric rheological structure is a key factor in controlling lithosphere deformation in different tectonic environments. With the development of space geodetic observation techniques in recent years, postseismic deformation studies based on space geodetic observations have been used to infer mechanical properties of fault zones and lithospheric rheological structure. Firstly, we introduce the tectonophysical background of afterslip and distributed ductile flow from the associated friction and rheological experiments, respectively, and summarize the developments of numerical models and constitutive laws for postseismic deformation studies. The numerical models include analytical, semi-analytical, and purely numerical models, whose constitutive laws involve rate-and-state friction afterslip, standard linear rheological models (e.g., Maxwell body and standard linear solid) and transient rheological models (e.g., macroscopic and empirically derived Burgers body and microscopic power-law flow) of distributed ductile flow. Then, we review the development of postseismic deformation studies from case studies associated with the 1992 MW7.3 Landers and 1999 MW7.1 Hector Mine earthquakes in southern California, USA. Finally, we review recent advances on the lithospheric rheological structure studies and show how challenging the studies on the lithospheric rheological structure are by the controversial Jelly Sandwich and Crème Br?léé rheological models in postseismic deformation studies.
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  • 图  1   多晶黄铁矿(颗粒尺寸100 μm)变形机制图(引自Barrie et al，2007)

    横坐标为温度，纵坐标为差应力(σ)的对数值，灰色等值线上的数字表示加载 应变率的常数对数负值，其数字4表示10-4 s-1

    Figure  1.   Deformation mechanism map for polycrystalline pyrite with grain size of 100 μm(after Barrie et al，2007)

    The abscissa axis and ordinate axis indicate the temperature and constant logarithmic of the differential stress(σ)，respectively. The numbers on the gray contours indicate negative constant logarithmic of the loading strain rates，for example，4 is the loading at strain rate of 10-4 s-1

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  • 收稿日期:  2012-09-26
  • 修回日期:  2012-11-27
  • 发布日期:  2014-02-28

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