VHR DEM measurement technology and its application in active fault research
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摘要: 首先分析了获取数字高程模型(DEM)的高分遥感立体测量、合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术、激光雷达测距技术和运动重建技术等技术手段，以及现阶段高空间分辨率数字高程模型(VHR DEM)提取技术的主要特点，实际应用中需根据研究区地形地貌特点选择合适的VHR DEM获取技术；然后，结合最新研究成果着重阐述了VHR DEM在活断层识别及几何结构分析、同震位移与累积位移获取和古地震研究等领域的最新应用；最后指出，VHR DEM由于其高精度、高空间分辨率的特点，正逐步改变传统活断层的研究方法，使得对活断层的研究进入到了前所未有的精细化水平.Abstract: Firstly, we analyzed several technologies by which to obtain DEM (digital elevation model), including the high resolution remote sensing stereo measurement, InSAR (interferometric synthetic aperture radar), LiDAR (light detection and ranging) and SfM (structure form motion), and their characteristics to extract VHR DEM (very high resolution digital elevation model). In practical application, we should consider the terrain features of the study area and choose reasonable technology to extract VHR DEM. Then, combining with the latest research results, we summarized the applications of VHR DEM in active faults identification and geometric structure analysis, co-seismic displacement and cumulative displacement as well as paleoearthquake research. VHR DEM has brought the active fault research into the unprecedented fine level with its sub-meter spatial resolution and high accuracy.
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Keywords:
- DEM acquisition technology /
- VHR DEM extraction /
- active fault
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表 1 高分测绘卫星参数
Table 1 Parameters of high resolution optical remote sensing mapping satellites
遥感卫星名称 发射
年份地面分辨率/m 重访周
期/d幅宽
/km平面精度/m 高程精度/m 全色 多光谱 无控制 有控制 无控制 有控制 美国 IKONOS-2 1999 1 4 3 11 12 2 10 3 法国 SPOT-5 2002 2.5/5/10 10 3 60 - 10 10 5 美国 Orbview-3 2003 1 4 3 8 11 - 16 - 美国 Worldview-1 2007 0.41 8 1.7 17.6 7.6 2 - - 美国 GeoEye-1 2008 0.5/0.41 1.64 3 15.2 4 2 6 3 美国 Worldview-2 2009 0.46 1.84 1 16.4 4 2 3 2 法国 Pleiades 2011 0.5 2 1 20 - - 1 0.5 法国 SPOT-6 2012 1.5 6 3 60 - - - - 中国资源三号 2012 3.5/2.1/3.7 5.8 5 50 6 1.6 8 1.6 美国 Worldview-3 2014 0.31 1.24 4.5 13.1 2.16 - 1.61 0.62 注：表中各卫星获取DEM的精度仅供参考，因为不同研究人员在进行精度评价时其影像覆盖区域的地形不同，数据处理过程也有差异.表中参数引自Deilami和Hashim (2011)，潘红播等(2013)，朱红等(2014)，兰穹穹等(2015)，Jacobsen和Topan (2015)以及Hu等(2016). 
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