利用人工波源探测震前波速变化--以溧阳六级地震为例
PRECURSORY VELOCITY VARIATIONS BY ARTIFICIAL WAVE SOURCES-TEMPORAL CHANGES OF APPARENT VELOCITY-RATIO PRIOR TO THE LIYANG JIANGSU EARTHQUAKE OF JULY 9, 1979
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摘要: 本文讨论了视波速比=ts11-ts/tp11-tp与介质真实波速比的关系。假设地壳为水平双层结构,上层地壳内包含一个水平延伸的波速异常区.计算了的理论值。结果表明,对于以往用水平传播的直达波测不出异常的某些情况(例如直达波没有穿过异常区;异常区的水平尺度很小等),只要反射波穿过异常区,根据值的变化,仍有可能把异常较为有效地检测出来。 应用这一方法研究了溧阳地震台记录的马鞍山人工爆破资料,发现1979年7月9日溧阳6.0级地震前值呈现负异常,平均幅度约为5%,异常时间为15——17个月。为了解释这一异常,直达波在异常区内的路程应当很短,或者根本不穿过异常区。 本文结果表明,主要使用反射波,可能会改善用人工波源方法观测震前波速变化的前景。Abstract: Kelation between apparent velocity-ratio =ts11-ts/tp11-tpand real velocity-ratio of thecrustal medium has been discussed in the present paper. Theoretical values of the apparent velocity-ratio have been calculated supposing that the crust consists of two horizontal layers and that within the upper layer of the crust there exists a zone of anomalous seismic velocity, upper and lower boundaries of which are horizontal. The results obtained indicate that in certain cases the anomaly fails to be detected by horizontally propagating direct waves (as, for example, direct waves do not pass through the anomalous zone, or the horizontal extent of the anomalous zone is rather small and so on). However, on the basis of variations of values it is still possible to be detected if the reflected waves pass through the anomalous zone.Seismic data recorded by seismic station at Liyang, Jiangsu from explosions at Maanshan Iron Mine have been studied using the above mentioned method. Negative anomaly of values is detected prior to the Liyang, Jiangsu earthquake (July 9, 1979, Ms =6.0). Average amplitude and duration of the anomaly are 5% and 15-17 months respectively. The anomaly could well be explained, if the path length of the direct waves within the anomalous zone is rather small, or they do not pass through the anomalous zone at all.The present paper indicates that by means of artificial wave sources in detecting precursory variations of seismic wave velocities the results might be improved, if reflected waves are used.
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本目录中的地震参数来自“中国地震台站观测报告”(简称“月报”). 其中, 国内及邻区给出M≥4.7的事件, 全球给出M≥6.0的事件. “月报”由中国地震台网中心按月做出.
本目录中的发震时刻采用协调世界时(UTC); 为了方便中国读者, 也给出北京时(BTC). 震中位置除给出经纬度外, 还给出参考地区名, 它仅用作查阅参考, 不包含任何政治意义; 还给出测定震源位置的台数(n)和标准偏差(SD).
面波震级MS是用中周期宽频带SK地震仪记录, 采用北京台1965年面波震级公式MS=lg(AH/T)+1.66 lg(Δ)+3.5 (1°<Δ<130°)求得. AH是两水平分向最大面波位移的矢量合成位移. MS7是对763长周期地震仪记录, 采用国际上推荐的面波震级公式MS7=lg(AV/T)+1.66 lg(Δ)+3.3 (20°<Δ<160°)求得. AV是垂直向面波最大地动位移. mb是短周期体波震级, ML是近震震级, 为避免混乱, 震级之间一律不换算.
表 1 中国及邻区地震目录(2015年9—10月, M≥4.7)Table 1. Catalog of earthquakes within and near China (September--October, 2015, M≥4.7)编号 发 震 时 刻 地 理 坐 标 深度/km 震级 标准偏差(SD) 使用台数 (n) 地 区 UTC BTC 日-时 纬度/°N 经度/°E M S M S7 ML mb 月-日 时:分:秒 1 09-01 13:24:44.8 01-21 23.93 121.54 10 5.2 5.1 5.2 4.7 2.3 96 台湾岛 2 01 17:34:06.8 02-01 24.06 122.41 21 4.7 4.6 4.4 4.4 2.0 76 台湾岛 3 13 07:51:10.8 13-15 45.08 91.52 7 4.7 4.3 5.0 4.6 2.2 69 新疆自治区北部 4 15 19:37:33.2 16-03 24.35 121.90 10 5.6 5.5 5.7 5.0 1.6 98 台湾岛 5 16 11:10:07.7 16-19 35.46 78.47 8 4.5 4.2 4.9 4.6 2.2 66 克什米尔东部 6 16 13:08:57.1 16-21 24.25 121.90 10 5.3 5.2 5.4 4.9 1.6 101 台湾岛 7 10-12 10:04:14.7 12-18 34.36 98.20 10 5.3 5.1 5.1 4.9 2.6 92 青海省 8 12 11:14:46.8 12-19 22.47 121.48 12 4.7 4.4 4.9 4.5 1.7 84 台湾地区 9 19 02:17:36.1 19-10 24.93 122.00 10 5.5 5.3 5.6 4.9 1.9 97 台湾岛 10 19 05:42:13.1 19-13 24.97 121.79 10 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.4 2.2 71 台湾岛 11 19 07:20:16.7 19-15 24.98 121.99 10 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.4 1.9 73 台湾岛 12 21 05:58:21.0 21-13 44.68 124.16 10 4.5 4.3 5.1 4.3 2.0 50 中国东北部 13 26 18:11:23.8 27-02 30.17 98.01 6 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.7 2.3 58 西藏自治区 14 28 20:12:08.5 29-04 27.55 100.30 10 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.5 2.5 78 云南省 15 30 11:26:39.4 30-19 25.04 99.44 10 5.0 4.7 5.1 4.7 2.5 84 缅甸—中国边境地区 表 2 全球地震目录(2015年9—10月, M≥6.0)Table 2. Catalog of earthquakes all over the world (September--October, 2015, M≥6.0)编号 发 震 时 刻 地 理 坐 标 深度/km 震级 标准偏差(SD) 使用台数 (n) 地 区 UTC BTC 日-时 纬度/° 经度/° MS MS7 mb 月-日 时:分:秒 1 09-01 15:25:06.6 01-23 31.19N 141.88E 20 6.1 5.9 5.3 1.6 67 本州以南地区 2 07 09:13:56.6 07-17 33.07S 177.99W 29 6.2 5.9 5.4 1.7 74 克马德克群岛以南地区 3 07 14:06:24.7 07-22 32.98S 177.83W 12 6.0 5.7 5.3 1.9 84 克马德克群岛以南地区 4 08 08:03:55.0 08-16 14.70N 93.90W 10 6.0 5.7 1.4 56 墨西哥恰帕斯海岸近海 5 10 10:26:42.3 10-18 52.46N 169.64W 18 6.0 5.9 5.6 1.1 98 福克斯群岛 6 13 08:14:10.0 13-16 25.14N 109.38W 10 6.8 6.7 5.5 2.6 64 加利福尼亚湾 7 16 07:40:57.5 16-15 1.89N 126.42E 50 6.1 6.0 5.7 1.3 101 马鲁古海峡 8 16 14:03:21.7 16-22 6.03S 151.48E 20 6.0 5.8 5.3 1.6 102 新不列颠地区 9 16 22:54:31.5 17-06 31.59S 71.62W 20 8.3 8.3 1.3 80 中智利海岸近海 10 16 23:18:40.3 17-07 31.45S 71.20W 30 6.8 6.8 2.3 91 中智利海岸近海 11 17 01:41:10.2 17-09 31.10S 71.45W 40 6.4 6.4 1.4 88 中智利海岸近海 12 17 03:55:17.5 17-11 31.10S 71.35W 40 6.5 6.5 1.9 67 中智利海岸近海 13 17 04:10:27.7 17-12 31.55S 71.70W 30 6.9 6.9 2.8 94 中智利海岸近海 14 18 09:10:50.0 18-17 32.25S 72.10W 25 6.3 6.3 2.3 93 中智利海岸近海 15 18 15:59:42.5 18-23 15.30N 46.00W 10 6.2 6.0 2.5 53 北大西洋海岭 16 19 12:52:19.7 19-20 32.25S 71.80W 10 6.4 6.4 1.4 99 中智利海岸近海 17 19 13:08:56.5 19-21 30.89S 72.68W 10 6.3 6.0 3.1 37 中智利海岸近海 18 21 05:39:32.6 21-13 31.55S 71.70W 20 6.2 6.1 1.2 92 中智利海岸近海 19 21 17:39:57.4 22-01 31.65S 71.60W 20 6.8 6.8 1.3 95 中智利海岸近海 20 24 15:53:28.8 24-23 0.55S 131.25E 30 6.5 6.2 5.9 1.3 97 西伊里安地区 21 24 15:56:53.8 24-23 9.81S 160.70E 18 6.4 6.2 5.9 0.7 71 所罗门群岛 22 26 02:51:15.7 26-10 30.80S 71.30W 30 6.3 6.3 1.2 102 中智利海岸近海 23 10-11 00:58:29.0 11-08 54.60S 135.80W 10 6.0 5.8 3.0 40 南太平洋山系 24 14 05:43:04.0 14-13 48.88N 156.25E 10 6.3 6.3 5.6 1.3 99 千岛群岛 25 17 11:33:08.0 17-19 24.89S 64.31W 10 6.0 5.9 2.2 74 阿根廷萨尔塔省 26 20 21:52:0.0 21-05 14.82S 167.32E 130 6.2 1.3 82 瓦努阿图(新赫布里底) 27 26 09:09:31.2 26-17 36.59N 70.79E 207 6.1 0.9 94 兴都库什地区 -
[1] Y. P. Aggarwal et al., Spatial and temporal variations in ts/tp and in P wave residuals at Blue Mountain Lake, New York: Application to earthquake prediction, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 5, 718——732, 1975.
[2] C. H. Cramer et al., P wave travel time variations before the August 1, 1975 Oroville, California earthquake, Bull. Seism.. Soc. d7n., 67, 1, 9——26, 1977.
[3] T. Utea, Temporal variations in travel time residuals of P wave from Nevada sources, J. Phys.Earth, 2 1, 4, 475——480, 1973.
[4] N. A, Dolbilkina et al., The study of time variations of elastic——wave parameters: results and problems, Phys. Earth and Planetary Interiors, 8, 4, 319——325, 1979.
[5] T. V. McEvilly and L. R. Johnson, Stability of P and S velocities from central California quarry blasts, Bull. S'eis7n.. Soc. fan., 64, 2, 343——353, 1974.
[6] 冯锐等,海城地震前后地震波速比的变化,地球物理学报,19, 4, 295——305, 1976.
[7] Dung Sung——sheng of al., Earthquake prediction on the basis of Yp/Vs variations——a case history,Phys. of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 18, 4, 309——318, 1979.
[8] 姜秀娥,陈非比,用单台四震相法讨论唐山大震的波速异常,地球物理学报,24, 1, 107——116, 1981,
[9] 曾融生、宋子安,我国境内瑞利波的相速度,地球物理学报,12, 2, 148——165, 1963,
[10] 曾融生,莫霍界面的重力补偿和地壳结构的基本模式,地球物理学报,16, 1——5, 1973,
[11] B.古登堡著,王子昌译,傅承义校,地球内部物理学,科学出版社,32——35, 1965,
[12] 力武常次著,冯锐、周新华译,地震预报,地震出版社,192, 1978,
[13] 冯德益等,我国西部地区一些强震及中强震前后波速异常的初步研究(二)—波速异常区及其特性,地球物理学报,20,2,115——123,1977.[1] Y. P. Aggarwal et al., Spatial and temporal variations in ts/tp and in P wave residuals at Blue Mountain Lake, New York: Application to earthquake prediction, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 5, 718——732, 1975.
[2] C. H. Cramer et al., P wave travel time variations before the August 1, 1975 Oroville, California earthquake, Bull. Seism.. Soc. d7n., 67, 1, 9——26, 1977.
[3] T. Utea, Temporal variations in travel time residuals of P wave from Nevada sources, J. Phys.Earth, 2 1, 4, 475——480, 1973.
[4] N. A, Dolbilkina et al., The study of time variations of elastic——wave parameters: results and problems, Phys. Earth and Planetary Interiors, 8, 4, 319——325, 1979.
[5] T. V. McEvilly and L. R. Johnson, Stability of P and S velocities from central California quarry blasts, Bull. S'eis7n.. Soc. fan., 64, 2, 343——353, 1974.
[6] 冯锐等,海城地震前后地震波速比的变化,地球物理学报,19, 4, 295——305, 1976.
[7] Dung Sung——sheng of al., Earthquake prediction on the basis of Yp/Vs variations——a case history,Phys. of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 18, 4, 309——318, 1979.
[8] 姜秀娥,陈非比,用单台四震相法讨论唐山大震的波速异常,地球物理学报,24, 1, 107——116, 1981,
[9] 曾融生、宋子安,我国境内瑞利波的相速度,地球物理学报,12, 2, 148——165, 1963,
[10] 曾融生,莫霍界面的重力补偿和地壳结构的基本模式,地球物理学报,16, 1——5, 1973,
[11] B.古登堡著,王子昌译,傅承义校,地球内部物理学,科学出版社,32——35, 1965,
[12] 力武常次著,冯锐、周新华译,地震预报,地震出版社,192, 1978,
[13] 冯德益等,我国西部地区一些强震及中强震前后波速异常的初步研究(二)—波速异常区及其特性,地球物理学报,20,2,115——123,1977.
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