Analysis of the seismic response characteristics of building structures subjected to near-fault ground motions from Wenchuan earthquake
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摘要: 研究了具有不同自振特性的建筑结构在近断层速度脉冲型及非速度脉冲型地震动作用下的结构层间变形分布，揭示了近断层速度脉冲对工程结构地震响应的特殊影响. 从汶川MS8.0地震近断层强震记录中选取两组典型速度脉冲型记录和非脉冲型记录， 根据确定的目标地震动强度水平，利用时域叠加小波函数法对选择的强震记录进行调整， 使之与目标地震动水平对应的加速度反应谱保持一致， 以此作为结构地震反应分析的地震动输入. 选取具有不同自振特征的3层、11层和20层典型钢筋混凝土框架结构， 建立有限元分析模型， 分别计算在速度脉冲型与非速度脉冲型记录作用下这些结构层间变形分布. 研究表明，速度脉冲型记录与非速度脉冲型记录作用下结构层间变形有明显差异， 且与结构自振特征有关.就低层结构的层间变形而言， 非速度脉冲型记录的影响较速度脉冲型记录的影响大. 随着结构自振周期的增加， 高阶振型的影响更加明显. 与非速度脉冲型记录相比，速度脉冲型记录的结构层间位移反应中值及离散程度较大. 速度脉冲型记录更容易激发高层结构的高阶振型， 产生较大的层间位移反应. 非速度脉冲型记录对中低层结构层间变形影响较大.因此， 在开展近断层结构地震影响评价时， 应考虑近断层速度脉冲的影响.Abstract: This paper focuses on studying the effects of near-fault ground velocity pulses on building structures. Inter-story drift distributions of structures subjected to velocity pulse-type records and non-pulse-type records were investigated to reveal the effects of near-fault strong motions on building structures with different natural vibration periods. Two groups of typical velocity pulse records and non-pulse records were selected from Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake, and a wavelet method of time domain synthesizing was used to modify the selected records, matching the target spectra from determined seismic intensity. The modified ground motions were used as the basic strong motion data for seismic response analysis. Finite models of 3, 11 and 20-story RC frame structures were established, and inter-story drift distributions of these three buildings subjected to typical velocity pulse-type records and non-pulse-type records were investigated. The study reveals that the inter-story drift distributions are quite different when the structures are subjected to pulse-type records and non-pulse-type records for the 3, 11 and 20-story RC frame structures, and are correlated with the natural vibration properties of building structures. In terms of low-rise buildings, inter-story drifts are larger for non-pulse-type records than those for pulse-type records. The influences of high modes on inter-story drifts become much more obvious with the increase of story number. The median value and dispersion of inter-story drifts are much larger when subjected to pulse-type records compared with non-pulse-type records for high-rise buildings. Pulse-type records tend to induce higher modes response, resulting in large inter-story drifts for high-rise buildings. Non-pulse-type records have relatively large effects on inter-story drifts primarily in the fundamental mode for low-rise buildings. It can be concluded that the effects of near-fault velocity pulses should be taken into consideration when assessing seismic damage potential for near-fault building structures.
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Keywords:
- velocity pulses /
- near-fault /
- frame structure /
- inter-story drift
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图 1 GB50011-2001设计反应谱(目标谱)和原始强震记录加速度反应谱(a) 原始非速度脉冲型记录加速度反应谱; (b) 原始速度脉冲型记录加速度反应谱;(c) 原始记录的平均加速度反应谱
Figure 1. GB50011-2001 design spectrum (target spectrum) and acceleration response spectrum of original ground motions(a) Original non-pulse-type acceleration response spectrum; (b) Original pulse-type acceleration response spectrum; (c) Mean response spectrum of scaled ground motions
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图 2 采用时域叠加小波函数法修正后近断层脉冲型(a)和非脉冲型(b)地震动速度时程与原始记录的比较
Figure 2. Comparison of modified near-fault pulse-type (a) and non-pulse-type (b) ground motions via adding wavelet functions with original ground motions
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图 3 GB50011-2001设计反应谱(目标谱)和调整后强震记录加速度反应谱(a) 调整后非速度脉冲型记录加速度反应谱； (b) 调整后速度脉冲型记录加速度反应谱； (c)调整后记录的平均加速度反应谱
Figure 3. GB50011-2001 design spectrum (target spectrum) and modified acceleration response spectrum of ground motions (a) Modified non-pulse-type ground motions; (b) Modified pulse-type ground motions; (c) Mean response spectrum of scaled ground motions
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图 4 3层钢筋混凝土结构立面图及梁柱尺寸 (单位：mm)
Figure 4. Structural configuration of a 3-story building (unit: mm)
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图 5 11层钢筋混凝土结构立面图及梁柱尺寸(单位： mm)
Figure 5. Structural configuration of an 11-story building (unit: mm)
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图 6 20层钢筋混凝土结构立面图及梁柱尺寸(单位： mm)
Figure 6. Structural configuration of a 20-story building (unit: mm)
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图 7 调整后地震动作用下3层结构最大层间位移角(a) 非速度脉冲型地震动； (b) 速度脉冲型地震动； (c) 中值比较； (d) 标准差比较
Figure 7. Maximum inter-story drift for a 3-story building subjected to modified ground motions (a) Non-pulse-type ground motions; (b) Pulse-type ground motions; (c) Comparison between median values; (d) Dispersion comparison of maximum inter-story drift ratio (IDR)
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图 8 调整后地震动作用下11层结构最大层间位移角(a) 非速度脉冲型地震动； (b) 速度脉冲型地震动； (c) 中值比较； (d) 标准差比较
Figure 8. Maximum inter-story drift for an 11-story building subjected to modified ground motions(a) Non-pulse-type ground motions; (b) Pulse-type ground motions; (c) Comparison between median values; (d) Dispersion comparison
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图 9 调整后地震动作用下20层结构最大层间位移角(a) 非速度脉冲型地震动； (b) 速度脉冲地震动； (c) 中值比较； (d) 标准差比较
Figure 9. Maximum inter-story drift for a 20-story building subjected to modified ground motions (a) Non-pulse-type ground motions; (b) Pulse-type ground motions; (c) Comparison between median values; (d) Dispersion comparison of IDR
表 1 选取的近断层速度脉冲型记录的主要参数
Table 1 Parameters of selected near-fault pulse-type ground motions from Wenchuan earthquake
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 选取的近断层非速度脉冲型记录的主要参数
Table 2 Parameters of selected non-pulse-type ground motions from Wenchuan earthquake
下载: 导出CSV
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