云南普洱糯扎渡水库蓄水前后P波速度结构变化特征

曹颖; 付虹; 张海江; 陈余宽; 黄江培

doi:10.11939/jass.20180028

云南普洱糯扎渡水库蓄水前后P波速度结构变化特征

曹颖^{1, 2,},
付虹^2, ,,
张海江¹,
陈余宽¹,
黄江培²

1.
中国合肥 230026 中国科学技术大学地球和空间科学学院
2.
中国昆明 650224 云南省地震局

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（41174051）和云南省地震局青年地震科学基金（2017K03）联合资助

详细信息

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付虹: e-mail：ynfuhong@qq.com

中图分类号: P315.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-02-28
- 修回日期: 2018-05-16
- 网络出版日期: 2018-11-04
- 发布日期: 2018-10-31

Characteristics of P wave velocity structure changes before and after impoundment in Nuozhadu reservoir，Pu’er，Yunnan

1.
School of Earth and Space Sciences，University of Science and Technology of China，Hefei 230026，China
2.
Yunnan Earthquake Agency，Kunming 650224，China

摘要

摘要: 基于云南省糯扎渡水库台网17个台站所记录到的2009年11月至2014年9月期间的5 247次地震的P波绝对到时资料和相对到时资料，以及波形互相关得到的相对到时资料，采用双差地震层析成像方法联合反演了糯扎渡水库库区蓄水前和蓄水后2011年11月30日至2012年12月31日及2013年1月1日至2014年9月30日这3个阶段的震源参数和三维P波速度结构。结果显示：糯扎渡水库蓄水后，水库库区地震的发生频次增多，经重定位后的震源深度大多在10 km以内，尤其以5 km以内的居多，与前人得到的水库诱发地震震源深度小于10 km的结果基本吻合；随着蓄水量的增加，库水沿断层渗透，孔隙压力变化导致地震增多的区域延伸至左岸支库黑江和库区回水至库区中段的澜沧江段，并进一步向威远江和小黑江延伸，这些区域的P波速度降低；整体的水库渗水作用最大深度不超过7 km。
- 糯扎渡水库 /
- 双差地震层析成像 /
- 波形互相关 /
- 三维P波速度结构 /
- 时空变化特征
Abstract: Using both absolute arrival time, relative arrival time and waveform correlation data of Nuozhadu reservoir earthquake events, we obtained seismic relocation and 3D P wave velocity structure of three periods by double-difference seismic tomography method. The results show that after the reservoir impoundment, a large number of earthquakes occurred at the reservoir area, and the aftershocks after relocation is mostly located at the depth within 10 km, especially in the range of less than 5 km, which is basically consistent with the previous result that the depth of reservoir-induced earthquake is less than 10 km. With the increase of water storage, the reservoir water penetrates along the fault, the pore pressure changes, which causes earthquakes-increased-area to extend to the Heihe river and the middle part of the Lancangjiang river, and further to the Weiyuanjiang and the Xiaoheijiang rivers. The P wave velocity in these regions is reduced. The maximum depth of the overall reservoir seepage is less than 7 km.
- Nuozhadu reservoir /
- double-difference seismic tomography method /
- waveform cross-correlation /
- 3D P-wave velocity structure /
- spatio-temporal variation charac-teristics
陈章立. 2018. 中国地震局水库地震监测预测及研究会议（贵阳）报告.

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陈章立. 2018. 中国地震局水库地震监测预测及研究会议（贵阳）报告.

图 1 研究区域地质构造、所用台站及网格节点划分分布图

F₁：南汀河断裂；F₂：汗母坝断裂；F₃：澜沧江断裂；F₄：谦六断裂；F₅：平掌寨断裂；F₆：白马山断裂；F₇：酒房断裂；F₈：李子箐断裂；F₉：麻栗坪断裂；F₁₀：肖塘断裂；F₁₁：帮东断裂；F₁₂：无量山断裂；F₁₃：把边江断裂；F₁₄：阿墨江断裂；F₁₅：木戛—谦迈断裂；F₁₆：澜沧—勐遮断裂；F₁₇：孟连断裂；F₁₈：万达包断裂；F₁₉：南麻断裂；F₂₀：窝拖寨断裂

Figure 1. Geological tectonic settings，seismic stations used in this study and grid nodes division in the studied area

F₁：Nantinghe fault；F₂：Hanmuba fault；F₃：Lancangjiang fault；F₄：Qianliu fault；F₅：Pingzhangzhai fault；F₆：Baimashan fault；F₇：Jiufang fault；F₈：Liziqing fault；F₉：Maliping fault；F₁₀：Xiaotang fault；F₁₁：Bangdong fault；F₁₂：Wuliangshan fault；F₁₃：Babianjiang fault；F₁₄：Amojiang fault；F₁₅：Muga-Qianmai fault；F₁₆：Lancang-Mengzhe fault；F₁₇：Menglian fault；F₁₈：Wandabao fault；F₁₉：Nanma fault；F₂₀：Wotuozhai fault

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图 2 用于反演的P波震相走时曲线

Figure 2. P phase travel-time curve used for inversion

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图 3 糯扎渡水库水位变化

Figure 3. The water level variation of the Nuozhadu reservoir

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图 4 蓄水前后3个时段P波二维射线分布图

（a）蓄水前；（b）蓄水后第一阶段；（c）蓄水后第二阶段

Figure 4. Distribution of 2-D P wave ray paths for the three intervals

（a） Before the water storage in reservoir；（b） The first stage after water storage；（c） The second stage after water storage

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图 5 蓄水前后3个时段不同模型下的观测走时与理论走时的均方根拟合差变化

（a）蓄水前；（b）蓄水后第一阶段；（c）蓄水后第二阶段

Figure 5. The root-mean-square misfit improvement between observation travel times and theoretical ones based on 1D model (upper panels) and 3D model (lower panels)

（a） Before the water storage in reservoir；（b） The first stage after water storage；（c） The second stage after water storage

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图 6 蓄水前后3个时段内不同平滑权重和不同阻尼参数的权重曲线

各子图分别为相应时段内，不同平滑权重（红色数字）和不同阻尼参数（蓝色数字）的解的方差和数据方差的均衡曲线。右上角小图分别为相应时段内，阻尼参数为450时，使用不同平滑权重参数得到的模型方差与数据方差的均衡曲线（a）蓄水前；（b）蓄水后第一阶段；（c）蓄水后第二阶段

Figure 6. Trade-off curves of smoothing weight parameters and damping parameters

The sub-figures are are trade-off curves of solution variance and data variance for different smoothing weight parameters （red numbers） and damping parameters （blue numbers）in corresponding intervals. The insets at the top-right corner are trade-off curve of slowness model variance and data variance for a set of smoothing weight parameters in the case of damping parameter 450 in corresponding intervals （a） Before the water storage in reservoir；（b） The first stage after water storage；（c） The second stage after water storage

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图 7 蓄水前后3个时段重定位后的地震分布图

（a）蓄水前；（b）蓄水后第一阶段；（c）蓄水后第二阶段

Figure 7. Distribution of relocated events for the three intervals

（a） Before the water storage in reservoir；（b） The first stage after water storage；（c） The second stage after water storage

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图 8 蓄水前后3个时段不同深度z处的P波速度棋盘测试结果

（a）蓄水前；（b）蓄水后第一阶段；（c）蓄水后第二阶段

Figure 8. Checkboard resolution test of P wave velocity at different depth z for the three intervals

（a） Before the water storage in reservoir；（b） The first stage after water storage；（c） The second stage after water storage

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图 9 蓄水前后3个时段不同深度z的P波速度和地震分布

（a）蓄水前；（b）蓄水后第一阶段；（c）蓄水后第二阶段

Figure 9. Distribution of P-wave velocity and earthquakes at different depths z for the three intervals

（a） Before the water storage in reservoir；（b） The first stage after water storage；（c） The second stage after water storage

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图 10 不同时段不同深度z的P波速度差变化

（a）蓄水后第一阶段的P波速度减去蓄水前的P波速度；（b）蓄水后第二阶段的P波速度减去第一阶段的P波速度

Figure 10. The P-wave velocity difference at different depth z for different intervals

（a） The P-wave velocity difference between intervals 2 and 1；（b） The P-wave velocity different between ntervals 3 and 2

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图 11 蓄水前后3个时段的P波速度沿垂直剖面AA′，BB′，CC′，DD′的分布图（剖面位置见图1）

（a）蓄水前；（b）蓄水后第一阶段；（c）蓄水后第二阶段

Figure 11. P-wave velocity distribution along the cross sections AA′，BB′，CC′，DD′ for the three intervals

（a） Before the water storage in reservoir；（b） The first stage after water storage；（c） The second stage after water storage

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表 1 一维P波速度模型

Table 1 1-D P wave velocity model

深度/km v_P/（km·s⁻¹）

0 4.746
2 5.243
5 5.629
7 5.826
10 5.915
12 6.014
15 6.181
17 6.301
20 6.370
25 6.483
30 6.710

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