Geochemical characteristics of soil gas in the north margin fault of Huaizhuo basin，Hebei Province
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摘要: 在河北怀涿盆地的郝家坡和小水峪布设两条测线开展了四期土壤气Rn，CO2和Hg的浓度测量，并基于此研究该盆地北缘断裂带南西段和北东段土壤气地球化学特征的空间分布差异及其与断裂活动的关系。结果显示：郝家坡剖面土壤气Rn，CO2和Hg的浓度平均值分别为8 371.16 Bq/m3，0.85 %和14.82 ng/m3；小水峪剖面土壤气Rn，CO2和Hg的浓度平均值分别为2 813.18 Bq/m3，0.42 %和13.08 ng/m3，可见郝家坡地区土壤气Rn，CO2和Hg的浓度平均值均高于小水峪地区，这种浓度空间分布的差异性可能是断裂活动性和断裂破碎程度不同所致。对区域土壤Hg浓度（total mercury，简称为THg）与土壤气测量浓度的对比分析可知，深层THg浓度与土壤气Rn，CO2和Hg浓度在空间分布上具有一定的一致性，且高值异常点分布于断裂带附近。结合区域定点前兆观测数据及地震活动性分析认为，该断裂目前活动水平相对较弱。结果表明，利用土壤气浓度的分布情况探测该区域隐伏断裂的浅层位置具有一定可行性，同时土壤气浓度连续观测对判定该区域断裂的活动性具有一定指示意义。Abstract: Two surveying lines were carried out in Haojiapo and Xiaoshuiyu of Huaizhuo basin, Hebei Province, and four periods of Rn, CO2 and Hg concentrations were measured. This paper studies the spatial differences of soil gas geochemical characteristics in the southwest and northeast segments of the northern margin fault of the basin and its possible relationship with fault activity. The results show that the average concentrations of soil gas Rn, CO2 and soil Hg in Haojiapo profile are 8 371.16 Bq/m3, 0.85% and 14.82 ng/m3, respectively, and those in Xiaoshuiyu profile are 2 813.18 Bq/m3, 0.42% and 13.08 ng/m3 respectively, suggesting that the former are higher than the latter. The spatial difference of concentration distribution characteristics may be caused by different fault activity and fault fragmentation degree. The comparative analyses of regional soil Hg （total mercury, Hereinafter THg） concentration and soil gas measurement concentratio show that the two contents are consistent in spatial distribution, and the high-value abnormal points are distributed near the fault zone. Combined with the regional fixed-point precursory observation data and seismicity analyses, it is considered that the current activity of the fault is relatively weak. Therefore it is feasible to detect the shallow position of concealed faults in this area by using the distribution of soil gas concentration. At the same time, continuous observation of soil gas concentration has certain indicating significance for judging the fault activity in this area.
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Keywords:
- the north margin fault of Huaizhuo basin /
- soil gas /
- soil mercury /
- fault activity
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①：河北省地震局.2021.河北省2021年度地震趋势会商资料.
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图 1 怀涿盆地周边地区断裂与破坏性地震分布图（引自冉志杰等，2019）
Figure 1. Distribution map of faults and destructive earthquakes around Huaizhuo basin （after Ran et al，2019）
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图 2 剖面土壤气浓度测点分布示意图 （单位：m）
Figure 2. Distribution of soil gas concentration measuring points （ unit：m ）
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图 3 郝家坡剖面土壤气浓度分布特征
Figure 3. Distribution characteristics of soil gas concentration in Haojiapo profile
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图 4 小水峪剖面土壤气浓度分布特征
Figure 4. Distribution characteristics of soil gas concentration in Xiaoshuiyu profile
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图 5 怀涿盆地土壤深层Hg （深度2 m）浓度分布图
Figure 5. Distribution of Hg （2 m depth） content in deep soil layer of Huaizhuo basin
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图 6 怀涿盆地土壤表层Hg浓度分布图
Figure 6. Distribution of Hg content in shallow soil layer of Huaizhuo basin
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图 7 怀涿盆地北缘断裂土壤气时空分布图
底图DEM地形数据来自NASA提供的SRTM数据
Figure 7. Spatio-temporal distribution of soil gases in the north margin fault of Huaizhuo basin
Bottom DEM topographic datas from SRTM datas provided by NASA
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图 8 怀4井水Rn，CO2及水Hg测项时序图
Figure 8. Variation curve of contents of radon，carbon dioxide and mercury in water of Huai-4 well
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图 9 怀涿盆地周边地区现代地震空间分布图
Figure 9. Spatial distribution of modern earthquakes around Huaizhuo basin
表 1 怀涿盆地北缘断裂南西段和北东段土壤气测量结果统计表
Table 1 Statistics on soil gas measurement results in the southwest and northeast sections of the north margin fault of Huaizhuo basin
剖面 测量
年月Rn浓度/（Bq·m−3） CO2浓度/% Hg浓度/（ng·L−1） 变化范围 平均值 标准差 异常
下限变化范围 平均
值标准
差异常
下限变化范围 平均
值标准
差异常
下限郝
家
坡2020-06 2 794—11 151 5 515.56 1 899.31 9 314.17 0.18—0.81 0.37 0.18 0.73 13.24—31.82 19.82 4.82 29.45 2020-09 3 286—15 608 8 166.87 3 287.19 14 741.25 0.54—2.86 1.26 0.64 2.55 6.40—10.14 8.74 1.07 10.88 2021-05 5 000—13 000 9 633.34 2 418.58 14 470.49 0.20—1.00 0.58 0.21 1.00 6.50—13.00 8.24 1.79 11.82 2021-09 6 100—17 675 10 168.87 3 234.12 16 637.11 0.64—2.62 1.21 0.58 2.37 7.80—20.60 10.49 3.40 17.28 小
水
峪2020-06 1 020—3 831 2 271.80 1 011.91 4 295.62 0.06—0.46 0.22 0.12 0.47 6.54—35.65 14.97 7.00 28.96 2020-09 1 247—6 796 3 345.40 1 525.84 6 397.08 0.22—1.03 0.58 0.25 1.08 6.07—9.95 8.29 0.94 10.17 2021-05 1 010—4 500 2 730.00 1 177.08 5 084.16 0.29—0.64 0.41 0.13 0.65 9.00—63.00 31.40 17.89 67.17 2021-09 1 400—4348 2 905.53 1 043.05 4 991.64 0.31—0.64 0.49 0.10 0.69 7.76—13.00 9.67 1.53 12.73 
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表 2 怀涿盆地北缘断裂带南西段和北东段土壤气释放强度
$K_Q $ Table 2 Soil gas release intensity KQ in the southwest and northeast segments of the north margin fault of Huaizhuo basin
Rn浓度平均值/（Bq·m−3） Rn浓度
的KQCO2浓度平均值 CO2含量
的KQHg浓度平均值/（ng·L−1） Hg浓度
的KQ剖面 中部测点 两端测点 中部测点 两端测点 中部测点 两端测点 郝家坡 8 666.88 7 616.16 1.14 0.28% 0.23% 1.26 18.42 11.51 1.61 小水峪 2 876.27 2 639.69 1.08 0.11% 0.14% 0.78 18.00 11.69 1.53
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表 3 土壤气断裂活动性评价标准
Table 3 Evaluation criteria of soil gas fracture activity
异常衬度C 断层活动性评价 1＜C＜2 现今已基本停止活动 2≤C＜5 在较近的地质年代曾发生过较强活动，
现今活动较弱或活动不明显5≤C＜8 在较近的地质年代曾发生过较强活动，
现今仍具有较强的活动性C≥8 现今活动强烈
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