Spatio-temporal variation characteristic of the ultra-low frequency magnetic field prior to strong earthquakes of western Chinese mainland
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摘要: 对2015年至2019年期间中国大陆西部的磁通门磁力仪秒采样观测资料开展了5—100 s频段的地磁垂直强度极化分析，并运用一些数学方法对分析结果进行了处理。结果显示，极化高值在经向和纬向均无明显的形态和幅值变化，且极化高值与地磁外源场扰动无关。在此基础上筛选出18次极化高值异常事件，利用插值方法得到了极化高值异常的空间分布图，并分析了18次高值异常与中国大陆西部及周边15次强震的时空关系。分析结果表明：地磁场出现多台同步极化高值现象后的半年内，高值区可能发生M6.0以上强震；高值现象出现后，多个高值区均有可能发生强震；后续强震的震级与高值区面积呈正相关。Abstract: Based on the one second sampling data from fluxgate magnetometers in western Chinese mainland from 2015 to 2019, this paper carried out the vertical component polarization analysis of the frequency band between 5 s to 100 s, and then processed the analysis results by some mathematical methods. The results show that the high polarization value has no obvious shape and amplitude change in both meridional and zonal directions, and the high polarization value has nothing to do with geomagnetic field disturbance. On this basis, 18 high-value anomalies were screened out, and their spatial distribution map was obtained by interpolation method. The results show that within half a year after the synchronous appearance of multiple high-value anomalies of the vertical component polarization of geomagnetic field, the high-value region may have a strong earthquake with magnitude over M6.0. After the appearance of high value phenomenon, several high value regions are likely to have strong earthquakes; furthermore the magnitude of subsequent strong earthquake seems to be positively correlated with the area of the high-value zone.
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Key words:
- geomagnetic field /
- polarization /
- strong earthquake /
- western Chinese mainland
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图 1 2011年至2019年国家地磁台网中心磁通门磁力仪数量
Figure 1. The number of fluxgate magnetometers in National Geomagnetic Networks Center of China from 2011 to 2019
图 2 2019年中国西部磁通门磁力仪（秒采样）分布
Figure 2. Distribution of fluxgate magnetometers （second sampling） in western Chinese mainland in 2019
图 3 喀什台2017年YZH1与YZH2的对比
Figure 3. Comparison of YZH1 with YZH2 results of Kashi station in 2017
图 4 沿经线和纬线分布的部分台站及其YZH和YZH1 2017年结果
Figure 4. Location of some stations and their YZH and YZH1 results in 2017
图 5 喀什台2017年YZH1序列与Kp （a）和Dst （b）指数曲线的对比
Figure 5. Comparison of YZH1 series with Kp （a） and Dst （b） curves in Kashgar station in 2017
图 6 YZH1
高值异常在12个月中的频次分布 Figure 6. The frequency distribution of YZH1 high value anomalies in 12 months
图 7 YZH1高值异常频次与地震频次图
Figure 7. The frequency of YZH1 high value anomalies and earthquake frequency
图 9 2015年至2016年磁场高值日YZH2的空间分布图
Figure 9. Spatial distribution of YZH2 on the magnetic field high value day from 2015 to 2016
图 10 2017年至2019年磁场
高值日YZH2的空间分布图 Figure 10. Spatial distribution of YZH2 on the magnetic field high value day from 2017 to 2019
图 11 喀什台、静海台和高邮台的空间分布（a）以及2017年极化YZH1时序曲线对比图（b）
图中红色竖线标示中国大陆西部YZH1出现高值异常的时间
Figure 11. The locations of the stations Kashi，Jinghai and Gaoyou （a） and YZH1 time series curves in 2017 （b）
The red vertical line indicates the time when the YZH1 high value anomaly appeared in western Chinese mainland
图 12 2015—2019年6组高值异常叠加前、后的YZH2与后续6个月内地震的空间关系
Figure 12. Spatial relationship of six groups of high YZH2 anomalies before and after superposition as well as the distribution of earthquakes in the following six months from 2015 to 2019
12 2015—2019年6组高值异常叠加前、后的YZH2与后续6个月内地震的空间关系
12. Spatial relationship of six groups of high YZH2 anomalies before and after superposition as well as the distribution of earthquakes in the following six months from 2015 to 2019
图 13 叠加后的YZH2高值区面积与后续6个月内地震震级的关系
Figure 13. The relationship between YZH2 high-value areas of the superposition of several high-value anomalies and the magnitude of strong earthquakes in six months
表 1 2015年至2020年1月中国大陆西部及周边M≥6.0强震信息
Table 1. Information of strong earthquakes （M≥6.0） during the period from 2015 to January of 2020 in western Chinese mainland and its surrounding areas
发震时刻
年-月-日 时:分:秒M 北纬/° 东经/° 震源深度/km 参考位置 2020-01-19 21:27:55 6.4 39.83 77.21 16 新疆伽师县 2019-11-21 07:50:45 6.0 19.50 101.35 10 老挝 2019-06-17 22:55:43 6.0 28.34 104.9 16 四川长宁县 2019-04-24 04:15:48 6.3 28.40 94.61 10 西藏墨脱县 2017-11-18 06:34:19 6.9 29.75 95.02 10 西藏米林县 2017-08-09 07:27:52 6.6 44.27 82.89 11 新疆精河县 2017-08-08 21:19:46 7.0 33.2 103.82 20 四川九寨沟县 2016-12-08 13:15:03 6.2 43.83 86.35 6 新疆呼图壁县 2016-11-25 22:24:30 6.7 39.27 74.04 10 新疆阿克陶县 2016-10-17 15:14:49 6.2 32.81 94.93 9 青海杂多县 2016-06-26 19:17:11 6.7 39.43 73.4 10 吉尔吉斯斯坦 2016-01-21 01:13:13 6.4 37.68 101.62 10 青海门源县 2015-12-07 15:50:03 7.4 38.2 72.9 30 塔吉克斯坦 2015-07-03 09:07:46 6.5 37.6 78.2 10 新疆皮山县 2015-04-25 14:11:26 8.1 28.2 84.7 20 尼泊尔 
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表 2 2015年至2019年中国大陆西部
$Y_{ZH2}$ 高值异常信息Table 2. Information of high YZH2 value anomalies in western Chinese mainland from 2015 to 2019
序号 异常出现时间
年-月-日异常持续时间/d 异常台站最多日（异常日）
年-月-日异常台站数 总台数 YZH2 1 2015-01-16 6 2015-01-18 28 36 0.73 2 2015-02-09 9 2015-02-13 14 36 0.39 3 2015-07-17 5 2015-07-18 8 36 0.29 4 2015-09-26 5 2015-09-29 13 27 0.47 5 2015-11-18 11 2015-11-23 21 27 0.92 6 2016-01-27 8 2016-01-30 17 41 0.75 7 2016-08-14 9 2016-08-17 15 33 0.92 8 2016-09-11 9 2016-09-15 14 33 0.88 9 2016-12-01 6 2016-12-02 14 37 0.75 10 2017-01-13 5 2017-01-15 8 38 0.41 11 2017-02-13 5 2017-02-14 10 37 0.49 12 2017-03-11 9 2017-03-18 14 34 0.66 13 2017-08-24 6 2017-08-28 22 40 0.65 14 2017-10-29 6 2017-10-30 14 40 0.70 15 2018-04-16 3 2018-04-17 11 43 0.62 16 2018-06-10 6 2018-06-12 17 43 0.44 17 2019-09-22 3 2019-09-24 13 54 1.15 18 2019-11-12 5 2019-11-12 26 56 0.85
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表 3 单次高值异常及短期内多次高值异常叠加后发生强震的高值区面积
Table 3. The high value areas of single high-value anomalies and the superposition of several high-value anomalies in a short period which followed with strong earthquakes
序号 出现高值日期
年-月-日震后出现高值区的
地震（提前的天数）半年内高值区强震 高值区面积①
/（104 km2）高值区总面积②
/（104 km2）1 2015-01-18 无 2015-07-03皮山M6.5 251.6 313 2 2015-02-13 2015-04-25尼泊尔M8.1 3 2015-07-18 2015-07-03皮山M6.5
（15）2015-12-07塔吉克斯坦M7.4 13 20.6 4 2015-09-29 无 2016-01-21门源M6.4 20 144 5 2015-11-23 2015-12-07塔吉克斯坦M7.4 123.7 6 2016-01-30 2016-01-21门源M6.4 （9） 2016-06-26吉尔吉斯斯坦M6.7 17.5 84.7 7 2016-08-17 无 2016-12-08呼图壁M6.2 24.1 82.2 8 2016-09-15 2016-10-17杂多M6.2 58 9 2016-12-02 无 2016-12-08呼图壁M6.2 18.2 80.8 10 2017-01-13 2016-12-08呼图壁M6.2 （37） 无 47.2 47.2 11 2017-02-14 无 2017-08-08九寨沟M7.0 41.6 84.4 12 2017-03-18 2017-08-09精河M6.6 30.5 13 2017-08-28 2017-08-08九寨沟M7.0 （19）
2017-08-09精河M6.6 （20）无 39.5 14 2017-10-31 无 16.1 15 2018-04-17 无 无 32.4 16 2018-06-12 17 2019-09-24 无 2019-11-21老挝M6.0 19.2 72.3 18 2019-11-12 注：① 指地震震中所在高值区的面积；② 指一次高值现象出现的多个高值区面积之和。
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