Experimental study on seismic wave attenuation compensation based on convolution principle and improved generalized S-transform
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摘要:
为了恢复震动波能量在传播过程中产生的衰减损耗，提出基于褶积原理求取品质因子Q的方法与改进广义S变换相结合的反Q滤波法。通过震动波衰减补偿模型试验，对试验数据进行改进广义S变换的时频特性分析，得出了信号的能量分布情况以及时间频率对应关系；采用基于褶积原理求取品质因子的方法，得到时变Q值；对试验数据进行反Q滤波处理，使震动波能量得到了补偿。结果表明本文提出的反Q滤波法提高了对震动波能量衰减补偿的效果，拓宽了地震资料的频带，提高了地震资料分辨率，有利于进行高分辨率地震勘探、深部信号增强和油气藏预测工作的开展。
Abstract:In order to recover the attenuation loss caused by the vibration wave energy in the process of propagation, the inverse Q filtering method based on the convolution principle and the improved generalized S-transform is proposed. Through the vibration attenuation compensation model test, the time-frequency characteristics of the test data are analyzed by improving the generalized S-transform, and the energy distribution of the signal and the corresponding relationship between time and frequency are obtained. The method of quality factor based on convolution principle is used to obtain the time-varying Q value. The test data are processed using inverse Q filtering, and the vibration wave energy is compensated. The results show that the inverse Q filtering method proposed in this paper improves the compensation effect of seismic wave energy attenuation, broadens the frequency band of seismic data, improves the resolution of seismic data, and is conducive to the development of high-resolution seismic exploration, deep signal enhancement and oil and gas reservoir prediction.
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图 1 室内试验模型
（a） 模型搭建；（b） 模型A面
Figure 1. The model of indoor experiment
（a） Model building；（b）A-side of the model
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图 3 1号（a）和4号（b）传感器接收的原始信号
Figure 3. Original microseism signals of sensor 1 （a） and 4 （b）
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图 4 1号（a）和4号（b）传感器接收到的原始信号经过改进广义S变换后的时频谱
Figure 4. Time-frequency spectrum of the original signals received by sensor 1 （a） and 4 （b） after the improved generalized S transform
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图 5 1号（a）和4号（b）传感器的重构信号
Figure 5. Reconstructed signal of sensor 1 （a） and sensor 4 （b）
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图 6 1号（a）和4号（b）传感器接收到原始信号补偿前后的幅值谱
Figure 6. Amplitude spectrum of original signal received by sensor 1 （a） and sensor 4 （b） before and after compensation
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图 7 1号（a）和4号（b）传感器接收的原始信号补偿后时频谱
Figure 7. Time-frequency spectrum of original signal received by the sensor 1 （a） and sensor 4 （b） after compensation
表 1 相似材料用量表
Table 1 The list of similar material consumption
岩层名称 模型厚度/cm 各相似材料用量/kg 沙子 石灰 石膏 水 泥岩层 35 963.2 160.6 160.6 183.4 煤层 60 1694.0 101.7 237.3 290.4 细砂岩层 35 1133.3 149.9 133.6 202.4 
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