Relative motions between cross-fault sites resultd from the 1999 MW7.6 Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake
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摘要:
为了获得近断层地震动准确的残余位移信息，提出了一种变步长网格搜索地震动基线校正方法。首先基于1999年我国台湾MW7.6集集地震强震动数据，探讨了近断层地震动的位移特征，然后通过地震动时程初始时刻的校正获得了集集地震多组上、下盘台站之间的相对运动时程数据，分析了分别靠近断层上、下盘场地之间相对运动的位移时程特征。结果显示：近断层地震动的滑冲效应显著，断层的平均滑冲速度可高达1.4 m/s；断层两盘间的相对运动类似于近断层地震动的运动特征，且幅值更大；近断层的残余位移约是断层两盘间最大相对位移的80%.
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关键词:
- 1999年集集MW7.6地震 /
- 近断层地震动 /
- 跨断层场地 /
- 相对运动 /
- 断层作用
Abstract:In order to obtain more accurate residual displacement information generated by near-fault ground motion, this paper proposed a variable step-grid search method for ground motion baseline correction. The core of this method lies in preserving and accurately reflecting the residual displacement information of faults, and solving the problem of extremely low computational efficiency in traditional grid search methods when there are many digital seismic sampling points. Based on the strong ground motion data of the 1999 MW7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan region, this paper uses the variable step-grid search method for ground motion baseline correction to conduct in-depth research on the ground motion displacement characteristics near faults. By accurately correcting the initial moment of ground motion time history, this study successfully obtained relative ground motion time history data between multiple sets of the hanging and foot wall stations in the Chi-Chi earthquake. And based on this data, the displacement time history characteristics of the relative motion between the hanging and foot wall sites near the fault were analyzed. The research results indicate that the fling-step effect of ground motion is particularly significant in the Chi-Chi earthquake. The maximum displacement and residual displacement of near fault ground motion exceed 8 m and 6 m, respectively, and the average sliding velocity of the fault is as high as 1.4 m/s, fully demonstrating the strong destructive force of the earthquake. This poses challenges to the numerical simulation of fault rupture and related experimental researches. In addition, the relative motion between fault walls also exhibits similar motion characteristics to near fault ground motion, and its amplitude is larger. Therefore, the relative motion data between earthquake fault walls can refer to the time history of near fault ground motion as the input basis for engineering design and analysis. In addition, the residual displacement of the fault is about 80% of the maximum relative displacement between the fault walls. This study provides important information on residual displacement of fault ground motion, which is of great significance to the researches on fields such as earthquake engineering, earthquake warning, and disaster assessment.
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图 1 1999年9月21日台湾集集MW7.6地震断层和台站分布示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the fault and stations distribution of the MW7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan on 21 September 1999
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图 2 速度时程基线校正示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of baseline correction for velocity time history
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图 3 本文方法与太平洋地震工程研究中心方法处理的TCU068台站近断层地震动位移时程比较
（a） NS分量；（b） EW 分量；（c） UD 分量
Figure 3. Comparison of near fault ground motion displacement time histories of the station TCU068 processed by the method proposed in this study with those from Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center
（a） NS component；（b） EW component；（c） UD component
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图 4 上盘台站强震动记录三分量EW （左），NS （中），UD （右）分量的位移时程
蓝线表示位移的最值，红线表示位移初始值或最终值，下图同
Figure 4. Displacement time histories of EW （left），NS （middle） and UD （right） components of strong ground motion records at the hanging wall stations
The blue line indicates the extreme displacement，and the red line indicates the initial or final displacement，the same below （c） TCU072；（d） TCU071；（e） TCU089；（f） TCU078
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图 5 强震动位移时程形态典型特征
（a） TCU052台站EW分量；（b） TCU054台站NS分量；（c） TCU075台站UD分量
Figure 5. Typical characteristics of strong ground motion displacement time histories
（a） EW component at the station TCU052；（b） NS component at the station TCU054；（c） UD component at the station TCU075
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图 6 六对上、下盘台站的EW （左），NS （中）和UD （右）分量的相对位移时程
Figure 6. The relative displacement time history of EW （left），NS （middle），and UD （right） components of the six pairs of the hanging wall and footwall stations
（e） TCU089-TCU076；（f） TCU078-TCU122
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图 7 上下盘台站最大相对位移与相对残余位移关系
Figure 7. Relationship between maximum relativedisplacement and relative residual displacement of hanging wall and footwall stations
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图 8 上、下盘台站强震动相对位移时程典型特征
（a） TCU052-TCU054台站的EW分量；（b） TCU072-TCU067台站的EW分量；（c） TCU072-TCU067台站的UD分量
Figure 8. Typical characteristics of relative displacement time history of strong ground motion records at hanging wall and footwall stations
（a） EW component of the station TCU052-TCU054；（b） EW component of the station TCU072-TCU067；（c） UD component of the station TCU072-TCU067
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图 9 集集地震土木工程断层破坏7例
（a） 石岗大坝（TCU068-TCU103）；（b） 北丰桥（TCU068-TCU103）；（c） 欢乐谷公寓群（TCU068-TCU103）；（d） 第一公园大桥（TCU052-TCU054）；（e） 光复中学（TUC071-TCU075）；（f） 乌溪桥（TUC071-TCU075）；（g） 刘眉桥（TCU078-TCU122）
Figure 9. Seven cases of civil engineering fault failure in Chi-Chi earthquake
（a） Shigang Dam （TCU068-TCU103）；（b） Beifeng Bridge （TCU068-TCU103）；（c） Happy Valley Apartments （TCU068-TCU103）；（d） The First Park Bridge （TCU052-TCU054）；（e） Guangfu Middle School （TUC071-TCU075）；（f） Wuxi Bridge （TUC071-TCU075）；（g） Liumei Bridge （TCU078-TCU122）
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图 10 四对上、下盘台站的空间相对位移时程
Figure 10. Spatial relative displacement time histories of the four pairs of hanging wall and footwall stations
（a） TCU068-TCU103；（b） TCU052-TCU054；（c） TCU071-TCU075；（d） TCU078-TCU122
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图 11 跨断层场点间相对位移与场点间距的关系
Figure 11. Relationship between relative displacement and field spacing across fault sites
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图 12 逆断层盘间相对位移趋势示意图
Figure 12. Schematic diagram of relative displacement trend between reverse fault walls
表 1 1999年台湾集集MW7.6地震强震动台站位置
Table 1 Location of ground motion stations of 1999 MW7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan region
断层盘 台站 东经/° 北纬/° 海拔/km 断层距/km 上盘 TCU068 120.8 24.3 0.276 0.071 TCU052 120.7 24.2 0.170 0.092 TCU072 120.8 24.0 0.363 13.021 TCU071 120.8 24.0 0.187 10.003 TCU089 120.9 23.9 0.020 15.277 TCU078 120.8 23.8 0.272 14.402 下盘 TCU103 120.7 24.3 0.222 5.982 TCU054 120.7 24.2 0.097 7.029 TCU067 120.7 24.1 0.073 0.716 TCU075 120.7 24.0 0.096 1.209 TCU120 120.6 24.0 0.228 7.793 TCU118 120.4 24.0 0.008 30.496 TCU076 120.7 24.0 0.103 3.653 TCU129 120.7 23.9 0.110 3.059 TCU122 120.6 23.8 0.075 10.996 CHY024 120.6 23.8 0.085 12.255 注：数据来源于台湾气象厅公开发行的光盘（ Lee et al，2001 ）。
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表 2 1999年集集MW7.6地震上、下盘台站本文所选组对情况
Table 2 Group matching of hanging wall and footwall stations of the 1999 MW7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake in this paper
台站 组队 上盘 TCU068 TCU052 TCU072 TCU071 TCU089 TCU078 下盘 TCU103 TCU054 TCU067 TCU075 TCU075 TCU122
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表 3 上盘台站强震动记录位移最大值及残余位移
Table 3 Maximum displacement and residual displacement of strong ground motion records at the hanging wall stations
上盘台站 EW分量 NS分量 UD分量 最大位移/m 残余位移/m 最大位移/m 残余位移/m 最大位移/m 残余位移/m TCU068 7.06 5.81 8.61 5.94 4.52 3.45 TCU052 4.99 3.94 7.18 6.78 3.92 3.16 TCU072 2.02 1.80 2.35 2.00 1.33 1.16 TCU071 1.76 1.19 2.61 0.15 2.26 1.74 TCU089 1.91 1.81 1.37 1.18 0.24 0.03 TCU078 1.21 1.19 0.85 0.66 0.35 0.25
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表 4 六对上、下盘台站强震动相对位移最大值及相对残余位移
Table 4 The maximum relative displacement and relative residual displacement of strong ground motion records at six pairs of hanging wall and footwall stations
上、下盘台站 EW分量 NS分量 UD分量 最大相对位移/m 相对残余位移/m 最大相对位移/m 相对残余位移/m 最大相对位移/m 相对残余位移/m TCU068-TCU103 7.54 6.21 9.11 6.47 4.09 3.33 TCU052-TCU054 5.57 4.50 7.81 7.08 3.81 3.29 TCU072-TCU067 3.46 3.02 3.27 2.97 1.59 1.41 TCU071-TCU075 2.89 2.28 2.99 2.52 2.55 1.74 TCU089-TCU076 2.82 2.50 1.72 1.42 0.39 0.26 TCU078-TCU122 2.06 1.82 1.26 1.16 0.35 0.18
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表 5 工程破坏现场地表位错与附近断层上、下盘台站位错计算值的比较
Table 5 Comparison of calculated values of surface dislocations at the site of engineering failure with those at the hanging wall and footwall stations nearby faults
工程名称 上、下盘台站 台站间距/km 位错观察值/m 位错计算值/m 数据记录方向 石岗大坝 TCU068-TCU103 6.05 8.00 3.33 上下 北丰桥 5.50 上下 欢乐谷公寓群 3.50 上下 第一公园大桥 TCU052-TCU054 7.12 4.00 3.29 上下 光复中学 TCU071-TCU075 11.21 2.50 1.74 上下 乌溪桥 2.00 2.61 水平 刘眉桥 TCU078-TCU122 25.40 0.20 0.18 上下
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