Identification and spatio-temporal characteristics of repeating earthquakes in Kepingtage fault zone
-
摘要: 根据互相关系数不小于0.8的波形互相关意义上重复地震的定义， 利用国家数字地震台网中的乌什和巴楚台记录的区域地震波形数据， 识别并研究了新疆柯坪塔格断裂带及其周缘的板内重复地震. 对所有相互距离不超过30 km的地震事件的垂直分量采用0.5—5.0 Hz带通滤波后进行波形互相关计算. 其中乌什台共识别出460例重复地震， 组成重复地震对和多重地震对共171组， 占总事件数的15.5%； 巴楚台共识别出822例重复地震， 组成重复地震对和多重地震对共298组， 占总事件数的21.2%. 对重复地震的分析表明， 台站分布的不同和波形事件记录质量的差异， 是造成两个台站识别出的“重复地震”数目和比例不同的原因. 对重复地震复发的时间间隔统计表明， 重复间隔从数分钟到数百天不等， 最长重复间隔达10年.Abstract: According to the definition of repeating earthquakes that the waveform cross-correlation coefficient is not less than 0.8, intraplate repeating earthquakes in and around Kepingtage fault zone, XinJiang, were identified and studied using waveform data recorded at WUS and BCH national digital seismic stations. Waveform cross-correlation analysis was carried out after 0.5-5.0 Hz bandpass-filtering on vertical components records from the events being less than 30 km away from each other. Altogether 460 repeating earthquakes were identified from WUS station, which comprised 171 doublets and multiplets, making up 15.5% of total events; 822 repeating earthquakes were identified from BCH station, which comprised 298 doublets and multiplets, making up 21.2% of total events. Our analysis of the repeating earthquakes show that the difference in the number and proportion of repeating earthquakes between the two stations is attributed to the difference in the distribution of stations and waveform record quality. Statistics show that the time interval between repeating earthquakes ranges from a few minutes to hundreds of days, the longest being 10 years.
-
-
![]()
图 1 柯坪块体构造和柯坪塔格断裂1953年以来MS≥6.0强震震中分布图
红色实心圆表示MS≥6.0地震，黑色实线为活动构造，黑色虚线为推测的活动构造
Figure 1. Tectonic setting and distribution of MS≥6.0 earthquakes since 1953 in Keping region
Solid red circles mark MS≥6.0 earthquakes，solid black lines represent active tectonics and dashed black lines represent inferred active tectonics
![]()
图 2 柯坪块体地震台站和2001—2011年2月以来地震分布
蓝色实心圆表示MS≥1.0地震，红色三角形表示2005年之后新建数字化台站，黄色三角形表示2006年之后进行数字化改造的台站，绿色三角形表示2000年之后开始有数字记录的台站
Figure 2. Distribution of seismic stations and earthquakes form 2001 to Feb. 2011，in Keping region
Solid blue circles mark MS≥1.0 earthquakes，red triangles represent digital stations built after 2005，yellow triangles represent stations after digital reconstruction in 2006 and green triangles denote the stations which began digital recording in 2000
![]()
图 3 采用不同频率范围带通滤波计算波形互相关系数的示例蓝色和红色分别表示2005年3月1日MS2.1地震和2007年9月23日MS2.8地震的波形记录(a) 滤波范围0.5—5 Hz； (b) 滤波范围1—5 Hz； (c) 滤波范围1—10 Hz
Figure 3. An example of waveform cross-correlation coefficient computation using bandpass filtering with different frequency rangesBlue and red lines represent waveform records of the MS2.1 earthquake on March 1，2005，and the MS2.8 earthquake on Sep. 23，2007，respectively(a) 0.5—5 Hz; (b) 1—5 Hz; (c) 1—10 Hz
![]()
图 4 巴楚地震台记录的重复地震组示例
图中地震波形左上方给出了地震发震时刻
Figure 4. An example of repeating earthquakes recorded at BCH station
Origin time of each earthquake is marked on the upper left of each trace
![]()
图 5 巴楚台(a)和乌什台(b)识别出的重复地震和全部地震的震中分布
绿色实心圆为重复地震，白色空心圆为全部地震，黑色三角形为选用的台站
Figure 5. Epicenters distribution of repeating earthquakes identified by BCH (a) and WUS (b) stations and all of this other earthquakes used in the study
Solid green circles mark the repeating earthquakes，white circles mark all of the other earthquakes，and black triangles stand for the stations used
![]()
图 6 巴楚台和乌什台联合聚类得到的重复地震分布
白色空心圆为研究选用的地震，红色实心圆为识别出的重复地震，黑色三角形为选用的台站
Figure 6. Distribution of repeating earthquakes identified by correlation clustering of BCH and WUS stations
White circles mark the earthquakes used in the study，solid red circles denote repeating earthquakes，and black triangles stand for the stations used
![]()
图 7 不同震级重复地震数量统计图
Figure 7. Statistics of the number of repeating earthquakes in different magnitudes
![]()
图 8 重复地震组内地震次数统计图
Figure 8. Statistics of the number of earthquakes in different doublets
-
程海旭, 吴开统. 1996. 断层滑动速率、 地震重复时间和平均应力降[J]. 地球物理学进展, 11(1): 75-87. 邓起东, 冯先岳, 张培震, 杨晓平, 彭斯震, 李军. 2000. 天山活动构造[M]. 北京: 地震出版社: 257-260. 贾承造. 1997. 中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社: 1-5. 蒋长胜, 吴忠良, 李宇彤. 2005. 由"重复地震"给出的中国地震台网的定位精度估计[J]. 中国地震, 21(2): 147-154. 蒋长胜, 吴忠良, 李宇彤. 2008. 首都圈地区"重复地震"及其在区域地震台网定位精度评价中的应用[J]. 地球物理学报, 51(3): 817-827. 李乐, 陈棋福, 钮凤林, 付虹, 刘瑞丰, 侯燕燕. 2008. 利用"重复地震"估算丽江-宁蒗断裂带的深部滑动速率[J]. 中国科学: D辑, 53(23): 2925-2932. 李宇彤, 吴忠良, 蒋长胜, 李广平. 2008. 利用辽宁区域地震台网记录分析"重复地震"[J]. 地震学报, 30(4): 383-396. 林建民, 王宝善, 葛洪魁, 陈棋福, 陈颙. 2006. 重复地震及其在人工探测中的潜在应用[J]. 中国地震, 22(1): 1-9. 马瑾, 许秀琴. 1989. 地震重复间隔及震时位移与无震位移比值的实验研究[J]. 地震, 9(1): 10-18. 闵伟, 宋方敏, 韩竹军, 徐锡伟. 2006. 柯坪塔格断裂西段古地震初步研究[J]. 地震地质, 28(2): 234-244. 曲国胜, 李亦刚, 陈杰, 宁宝坤, 李岩峰, 李军, 尹军平. 2003. 柯坪塔格推覆构造几何学、 运动学及其构造演化[J]. 地学前缘, 10(特刊): 142-152. 冉勇康, 邓起东. 1999. 大地震重复特征与平均重复问隔的取值问题[J]. 地震地质, 21(4): 316-324. 闻学泽. 1999. 中国大陆活动断裂的段破裂地震复发行为[J]. 地震学报, 21(4): 411-418. 周龙泉, 刘桂萍, 马宏生, 华卫. 2007. 利用重复地震观测地壳介质变化[J]. 地震, 27(3): 1-9. Baisch S, Weidler R, Vörös R, Wyborn D, Graaf L. 2006. Induced seismicity during the stimulation of a Geothermal HFR Reservoir in the Cooper Basin, Australia[J]. Bull Seism Soc Amer, 96(6): 2242-2256.
Bath M. 1974. Spectral Analysis in Geophysics[M]. Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company: 87-94.
Bullen M E, Burbank D W, Garver J I. 2003. Building the northern Tien Shan: Integrated thermal structura1, and topographic constraints[J]. J Geology, 111: 149-165.
Burbank D W, McLean J K, Bullen M E, Abdrakhmatov K Y, Miller M M. 1999. Partitioning of intermontane basins by thrust-related folding, Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan[J]. Basin Res, 11: 75-92.
Burchfiel B C, Brown E T, Deng Q, Feng X Y, Li J, Peter M, Shi J B, Wu Z M, You H C. 1999. Crustal shortening on the margins of the Tien Shan, Xinjiang, China[J]. International Geology Review, 41: 665-700.
Chen K H, Nadeau R M, Rau R J. 2007. Towards a universal rule on the recurrence interval scaling of repeating earthquakes?[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 34, L16308, doi:10.1029/2007GL030554.
Chen K H, Rau R J, Hu J C. 2009. Variability of repeating earthquake behavior along the Longitudinal Valley fault zone of eastern Taiwan[J]. J Geophys Res, 114, B05306, doi:10.1029/2007JB005518.
Cheng X F, Niu P G, Silver S, Horiuchi K Takai, Iio Y, Ito H. 2007. Similar microearthquakes observed in western Nagano, Japan, and implications for rupture mechanics[J]. J Geophys Res, 112, B04306, doi:10.1029/2006JB004416.
Ellsworth W L, Dietz L D. 1990. Repeating earthquakes: characteristics and implications, in Proc. of Workshop, XLVI, the 7th U. S. -Japan Seminar on Earthquake Prediction, U S[R]. Geol Surv Open-file Rept, 90-98: 226-245.
Evans K F, Moriya H, Niitsuma H, Jones R H, phillips W S, Genter A, Sausse J, Jung R, Baria R. 2005. Microseismicity and permeability enhancement of hydrogeologic structures during massive fluid injections into granite at 3 km depth at the Soultz HDR site[J]. Geophys J Int, 160: 388-412.
Grêt A, Snieder R. 2005. Monitoring rapid temporal change in a volcano with coda wave interferometry[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 32: L06304, doi:10.1029/2004GL021143.
Igarashi T, Matsuzawa T, Hasegawa T. 2003. Repeating earthquakes and interpolate aseismic slip in the northeastern Japan subduction zone[J]. J Geophys Res, 108: 2249, doi:10.1029/2002JB001920.
Isacks B L, Sykes L R, Oliver J. 1967. Spatial and temporal clustering of deep and shallow earthquakes in the Fiji-Tonga-Kermadec region[J]. Bull Seism Soc Amer, 57: 935-958.
Li A, Richards P G. 2003. Using earthquake doublets to study inner core rotation and seismicity catalog precision.Geochem[J]. Geophys Geosyst, 4(9): 1072.
Li Y T, Wu Z L, Peng H P, Jiang C S, Li G D. 2011. Time-lapse slip variation associated with a medium-size earthquake revealed by "repeating" micro-earthquakes: the 1999 Xiuyan, Liaoning, MS=5.4 earthquake[J]. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci, 11: 1969-1981, doi:10.5194/nhess-11-1969-2011.
Lin C H. 2004. Repeated foreshock sequences in the thrust faulting environment of eastern Taiwan[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 31: L13601, doi:10.1029/2004GL019833.
Luo Y, Schuster G T. 1991. Wave-equation travehime invertion[J]. Geophysics, 56(5): 645-653.
Marquering H, Dahlen F A, Nolet G. 1999. Three-dimensional sensitivity kernels for finite-frequency travehimes: The banana-doughnut paradox[J]. Geophys J Int, 137: 805-815.
Matsuzawa T M, Uchida N, Igarashi T, Okada T, Hasegawa A. 2004. Repeating earthquakes and quasi-static slip on the plate boundary east off northern Honshu, Japan[J]. Earth Planets Space, 56: 803-811.
Nadeau R M, Foxall W, McEvilly T V. 1995. Clustering and periodic recurrence of microseismicities on the San Andreas fault at Parkfield, California[J]. Science, 267: 503-507.
Nadeau R M, McEvilly T V. 1997. Seism ological studies at Parkfield V: Characteristic microearthquake sequences as fault-zone drilling targets[J]. Bull Seism Soc Amer, 87(6): 1463- 1472.
Nadeau R M, Johnson L R. 1998. Seismological studies at Parkfield VI: Moment release rates and estimates of source parameters for small repeating earthquakes[J]. Bull Seism Soc Amer, 88: 790-814.
Nakamura A, Hasegawa A, Hirata N, Iwasaki T, Hamaguchi H. 2002. Temporal variations of seismic wave velocity associated with 1998 M6.1 Shizukuishi earthquake[J]. Pure Appl Geophys, 159(6): 1183-1204.
Niu F, Silver P G, Nadeau R M, Mcevilly T V. 2003. Migration of seismic scatterers associated with the 1993 Parkfield aseismic transient event[J]. Nature, 426: 544-548.
Pandolfi D, Bean C J, Saccorott G. 2006. Coda wave interferometric detection of seismic velocity changes associated with the 1999 M=3.6 event at Mt. Vesuvius[J]. J Geophys Res, 33: L06306, doi:10.1029/2005GL025355.
Poupinet G, Ellsworth W L, Frechet J. 1984. Monitoring velocity variations in the crust using earthquake doublets: An application to the Calaveras Fault, California[J]. J Geophys Res, 89: 5719- 5731.
Rau R J, Chen K H, Ching K E. 2007. Repeating earthquakes, and seismic potential along the northern Longitudinal Valley fault of eastern Taiwan[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 34, L24301, doi:10.1029/2007GL031622.
Roberts P M. 1991. Development of active doublet method for monitoring small changes in crustal properties[J]. Seism Res Lett, 62: 36-37.
Rubin A M, Gillard D. 2000. Aftershock asymmetry/rupture directivity among central San Andreas fault microearthquakes[J]. J Geophys Res, 105: 19095-19109.
Rubin A M. 2002. Using repeating earthquakes to correct high-precision earthquake catalogs for time-dependent station delays[J]. Bull Seism Soc Amer, 5: 1647-1659.
Savage J C, Cockerham R S. 1987. Quasi-periodic occurrence of earthquakes in the 1978-1986 Bishop-Mammoth Lakes Sequence, eastern California[J]. Bull Seism Soc Amer, 77(4): 1347-1358.
Schaff D P, Richards P G. 2004. Repeating seismic events in China[J]. Science, 303: 1176-1178.
Schaff D P, Waldhauser F. 2005. Waveform cross-correlation-based differential travel-time measurements at the Northern California Seismic Network[J]. Bull Seism Soc Amer, 95(6): 2446-2461.
Schaff D P, Richards P G. 2011. On finding and using repeating seismic events in and near China[J]. J Geophys Res, 116, B03309, doi:10.1029/2010JB007895.
Snieder R, Hagerty M. 2004. Monitoring change in volcanic interiors using coda wave interferometry: application to Arenal Volcano, Costa Rica[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 31: L09608, doi:10.1029/2004GL019670.
Tapponnier P, Molnar P. 1997. Active faulting and tectonics in China[J]. J Geophys Res, 82: 2905-2930.
Templeton D, Nadeau R M, Burgmann R. 2008. Behavior of repeating earthquake sequences in central california and the implications for subsurface fault creep[J]. Bull Seism Soc Amer, 98(1): 52-65.
Templeton D C, Nadeau R M, Bürgmann R. 2008. Behavior of repeating earthquake sequences in Central California and the implications for subsurface fault creep[J]. Bull Seism Soc Amer, 98(1): 52-65, doi:10.1785/0120070026.
Uchida N, Matsuzawa T, Ellsworth W L. 2007. Souce parameters of a M4.8 and its accompanying repeating earthquakes off Kamaishi, NE Japan: Implications for the hierarchical structure of asperities and earthquake cycle[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 34, L20313, doi:10.1029/2007GL031263.
Uchida N, Matsuzawa T, Nakajima J, Hasegawa A. 2010. Subduction of a wedge-shaped Philippine Sea plate beneath Kanto, central Japan, estimated from converted waves and small repeating earthquakes[J]. J Geophys Res, 115, B07309, doi:10.1029/2009JB006962.
Vidale J E, Ellsworth W L, Cole A, Marone C. 1994. Variations in rupture process with recurrence interval in a repeated small earthquake[J]. Nature, 368: 624-626.
Wallance R E. 1970. Earthquake recurrence intervals on the San Andreas fault[J]. Bull Seism Soc Amer, 81: 2875-2890.
Wu C, Koketsu K, Miyake H. 2008. Source processes of the 1978 and 2005 Miyagi-oki, Japan, earthquakes: Repeated rupture of asperities over successive large earthquakes[J]. J Geophys Res, 113, B08316, doi:10.1029/2007JB005189.
Zhang J, Song X D, Li Y C, Richards P G, Sun X L, Waidhauser F. 2005. Inner core differential motion confirmed by earthquake waveform doublets[J]. Science, 309: 1357. doi:10.1126/science.1113193.
下载:
计量
- 文章访问数: 555
- HTML全文浏览量: 362
- PDF下载量: 19
