Research on seismic characteristics and identification of artificial explosion in different areas and natural earthquake
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摘要: 本文分析了河北怀来多次爆炸、河北三河采石场多次爆炸和低震级天然地震事件的记录特征和时频差异。结果显示：河北怀来爆炸的P波能量强、衰减快、S波发育弱；河北三河采石场爆炸的P波、S波主频均低于怀来爆炸，S波与面波混淆，不同震中距的台站记录低频发育明显；而天然地震的有效频带更宽，频率成分更为复杂。将Pg/Sg谱比判据应用于小震级地震与爆炸的识别中，探索交叉频带谱比对不同地区爆炸的识别。结果表明：高频（＞5 Hz）Pg/Sg谱比判据可将研究数据中的爆炸与小震级地震完全区分；与Sg低频（0—2 Hz）有关的交叉频带谱比可对两个不同地区的爆炸进行识别，交叉频带的谱比判据较传统的单一频带谱比判据能够更好地反映出不同类型事件的特征差异。Abstract: The differences of the seismic characteristics and frequency of the Huailai explosions, the Sanhe quarry explosions and the natural earthquakes with low magnitude are discussed. The results show that the two different area explosions have obviously different seismic characteristics and frequency distribution, Huailai explosion has stronger P wave energy than S wave and fast attenuation; The main frequencies of P wave and S wave in Sanhe quarry explosion are lower than that in Huailai explosion, S wave and surface wave are confused, and the low frequency developed obviously at different distances; While for natural earthquakes, the effective frequency band is wider and the frequency components are more complex than explosions. Pg/Sg spectral ratios in small-magnitude earthquakes and explosions were studied and cross-band spectral ratios were explored. Results obtained show that the high frequency （＞5 Hz）Pg/Sg spectral ratio discriminants can completely distinguish explosions from low magnitude earthquakes; The spectral ratios of the cross-band related to low frequency （0−2 Hz） of Sg can effectively identify explosions in these two areas, Pg/Sg discriminants of the crossed frequency band can better reflect the difference characteristics of different types of events than that of the traditional single frequency band.
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图 7 交叉频带谱比分布
Figure 7. Cross-band spectral ratio values
（a） Pg （0—2 Hz）/Sg （0—2 Hz）；（b） Pg （6—8 Hz）/Sg （0—2 Hz）；
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图 1 研究所用爆炸、地震及台站位置分布
Figure 1. Distribution of explosions ，seismic events and stations in this article
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图 2 不同类型事件的地震记录波形
（a）“明灯一号”大当量爆炸；（b）三河采石场爆炸；（c）天然地震。波形上方为事件发生时间及震级，波形右上角为记录台网、台站和震中距，下同
Figure 2. Seismic waveforms for different types of events
（a） “Bright Lamp No.1” large yield explosion；（b） Quarry blast；（c） Earthquake. The time and the magnitude of the events are net on the top of traces，and the station and epicentral distance are on the top right corner of the waveforms，the same below
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图 3 2003 （a），2004 （b）和2005 （b）年3次爆炸事件的波形对比
Figure 3. Waveform comparison of three explosion events occured in 2003 （a），2004 （b） and 2005 （c）
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图 4 不同类型事件P波（a）和S波（b）主频分布
Figure 4. Main frequency distribution of P （a） and S （b） waves for different types of events
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图 5 天然地震与爆炸Pg/Sg谱比值分布
Figure 5. Pg/Sg spectral ratio value of earthquakes and explosions
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图 6 XBZ台站的不同事件地震波形记录（滤波频带为：0.5—25 Hz）
（a） 2004-03-02怀来爆炸；（b） 2005-03-12可疑事件；（c） 2010-07-10天然地震事件。左上角为事件震级和震中距
Figure 6. Seismic waveforms of different events recorded by XBZ （filtered：0.5—25 Hz）
（a） 2004-03-02 Huailai explosion；（b） 2005-03-12 Suspicious event ； （c） 2010-07-10 natural earthquakeThe magnitude and epicentral distance are on the top left corner of the wavforms
表 1 天然地震、怀来爆炸、三河爆炸主频分布
Table 1 The main frequency distribution of earthquake，Huailai explosion and Sanhe explosion
事件 P波主频分布/Hz S波主频分布/Hz 天然地震 2.5—13.2 2.5—9.0 怀来爆炸 2.5—7.2 2.0—3.8 三河采石场爆炸 1.5—5.8 1.0—2.0 
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表 2 三次对比事件参数
Table 2 Parameters of three comparison events
事件性质 发震时间 （UTC） 震中位置 ML 深度/km 年-月-日 时:分:秒 北纬/° 东经/° 怀来爆炸 2004-03-02 08:03:35.6 40.50 115.47 1.8 -- 可疑事件 2005-03-12 13:46:27.4 40.51 115.46 1.6 -- 天然地震 2010-07-10 09:53:43.0 40.47 115.55 1.8 7
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表 3 怀来爆炸与三河采石场爆炸正确识别率大于85%的频带分布
Table 3 Frequency bands with the correct discrimination rate greater than 85% between Huailai and Sanhe quarry explosions
交叉频谱比 三河采石场爆
炸正确识别数怀来爆炸正
确识别数正确识
别率Pg （0—2 Hz）/Sg （0—2 Hz） 51 44 92% Pg （0—2 Hz）/Sg （4—6 Hz） 46 46 89% Pg （0—2 Hz）/Sg （6—8 Hz） 51 40 88% Pg （2—4 Hz）/Sg （0—2 Hz） 47 45 89% Pg （2—4 Hz）/Sg （4—6 Hz） 53 36 86% Pg （4—6 Hz）/Sg （0—2 Hz） 47 47 91% Pg （6—8 Hz）/Sg （0—2 Hz） 52 45 94% Pg （8—10 Hz）/Sg （0—2 Hz） 50 44 91% Pg （10—12 Hz）/Sg （0—2 Hz） 50 39 86% Pg （12—14 Hz）/Sg （0—2 Hz） 55 33 85%
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